Table 1. Distribution, vernacular names, folk medicinal uses and tested biological activity of Baccharis species. AN = Antilles; AR = Argentina; BO = Bolivia; BR = Brazil; CH = Chile; CO = Colombia; CR = Costa Rica; EC = Ecuador; ES = El Salvador; GU = Guatemala; HO = Honduras; ME = Mexico; NC = Nicaragua; PA = Paraguay; PE = Peru; PN = Panama. UR = Uruguay; US = United States; VE = Venezuela.

Species

Distribution

Vernacular name

Folk medicinal use

Tested biological activity

Baccharis anomalaDC.
Pingraea anomala (DC.) F.H. Hellwig

AR, BR, PA, UR

--

vagina and wounds wash, general infections (Souza, 2004)

--

Baccharis artemisioides Hook. & Arn.

AR, UR

“mío-mío blanco”, “pichana blanca”, “romerillo”, “romerillo blanco”, “romerillo malo” (Argentina).

antirrheumatic, for treating traumatisms (Zardini, 1984)

antifeedant (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis articulata (Lam.) Pers.
Conyza articulata Lam; Molina articulata (Lam.) Less.; Pingraea articulata (Lam.) F.H. Hellwig

AR, BO, BR, PA, UR

“caápé guasú”, “carqueija”, “carqueja”, “carqueja amarga”, “carqueja blanca”, “carqueja cenicienta”, “carqueja crespa”, “carqueja gris”, “carquejilla”, “chirca melosa” (Paraguay), “cola de yacaré”, “planta del yaguareté”, “yaguaretá-caá” (Argentina); “carqueja”, “carqueja-do-morro”, “vassoura” (Brazil).

digestive, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antirrheumatic, antiseptic, for male sexual impotence, for female sterility (Zardini, 1984)

antioxidant (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis boliviensis (Wedd.) Cabrera
Heterothalamus boliviensis Wedd.; Pseudobaccharis boliviensis (Wedd.) Cabrera; Psila boliviensis (Wedd.) Cabrera

AR, BO, CH, PE

“chijua”, “romero”, “tola” (Argentina).

medicinal (Erazo et al., 2002)

antibacterial (Erazo et al., 2002)
allelopathic (Verdi et al., 2005)

B. conferta Kunth
Baccharis xalapensis Kunth; Baccharis orizabaensis Sch. Bip. ex Hemsl.

ME

“quauhizquiztli” (Mexico).

for stomach-ache, laxative, stornutatory, for baldness, for insect bites (Heinrich, 1996)

spasmolytic, antibacterial (Verdi et al., 2005)

BacchariscoridifoliaDC.
Eupatorium montevidense Spreng.

AR, BO, BR, PA, UR

“ajenjo del campo”, “mío”, “mío-mío”, “neo-neo”, “neomo”, “nía”, “nío”, “niyo”, “ñío-ñío”, “romerillo” (Argentina); “mio-mio” (Brazil).

digestive, sudorific (Amat, 1983)

antiviral, allelochemical, antioxidant, citotoxic, insecticide (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis crispa Spreng.
Molina crispa (Spreng.) Less; M. cylindrica Less.; Baccharis cylindrica (Less.) DC.; B. genistelloides var. crispa (Spreng.) Baker; B. genistelloides var. cylindrica (Less.) Baker; B. perplexa I.L. Teodoro & J.E. Vidal; Pingraea crispa (Spreng.) F.H. Hellwig

AR, BR, PA, UR

“carqueija”, “carqueja”, “carqueja crespa”, “carquejilla” (Argentina), “yaguareté-ka’á” (Paraguay).

digestive, hepatoprotective, antispasmodic, against fever, antirrheumatic, antiseptic (Zardini, 1984)

antibiotic (Gutkind et al., 1981)
antifeedant, antimicrobial, antioxidant (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharisdecussata (Klatt) Hieron.
Pluchea decussata Klatt; Baccharis moritziana Hieron.

CO, EC, PE, VE

“almanga”, “armanga”, “machimbí” (Colombia).

antiinflammatory, for favouring scaring (in cows; Correa & Yesid Bernal, 1990)

--

Baccharis douglasii DC.
Baccharis haenkei DC.

ME, US

--

for treating sores and wounds (Boldt, 1989)

--

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC.
Baccharis leptospermoides DC.; B. bracteata Hook. & Arn.; B. dracunculifolia var. integerrima Kuntze f. subviscosa Kuntze; B. tandilensis Speg.; B. dracunculifolia f. spectabilis Heering

AR, BO, BR, PA, UR

“caápé guasú”, “chilca”, “chilca-y”, “chilca mata ojo”, “suncho” (Argentina); “alecrim-de-vassoura”, “alecrim-do-campo”, “vassourinha” (Brazil).

abortive (Iharlegui & Hurrell, 1992)

--

BaccharisgaudichaudianaDC.
Baccharis articulata var. gaudichaudiana (DC.) Baker

AR, BR, PA, UR

“carqueja” (Argentina, Brazil).

digestive, hepatoprotective, antiseptic (Zardini, 1984)

citotoxic (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharisgenistelloides(Lam.) Pers.
Conyza genistelloides Lam.; Molina reticulata Ruiz & Pav.; Baccharis reticulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

BO, CH, CO, EC, PE

“charara”, “jatun kimsa kuchu”, “nuchu-kuchu”, “quimsa-kuchu”, “tres espigas” (Bolivia); “chilca” (Colombia); “cuchu-cuchu”, “muqu-muqu”, “nudo-nudo”, “qimsa-kuchu” (Peru).

astringent, diuretic, antirrheumatic, for paludism, for gonorrhea, for chest-ache, for stomach-ache (Correa & Yesid Bernal, 1990)

antiviral, gastroprotective (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis genistifolia DC.

AR, BR, UR

--

antispasmodic (Zardini, 1984)

--

Baccharisgrisebachii Hieron.
Baccharis abietina Kuntze; B. rosmarinifolia var. andicola Hauman

AR, BO

“chilca mamil”, “quinchamal”, “quinchamalí”, “romerillo”, “tancha” (Argentina).

for treating wounds (Zardini, 1984)

antimicrobial, citotoxic, protein synthesis (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharisheterophylla Kunth
Baccharis cuneata DC.; Baccharis spathulata S. Schauer

GU, ME

--

for gastrointestinal disorders (Rojas et al., 1999)

antimicrobial, spasmolytic (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis illinita DC.

BR, PA

--

for gastric disorders (Baggio et al., 2003)

gastroprotective (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.
Molina latifolia Ruiz & Pav.; Baccharis poliantha Kunth; B. floribunda Kunth; B. riparia Kunth; Pluchea glabra Griseb.; Baccharis polyantha f. genuina Hieron.; B. polyantha var. macrophylla Hieron; Pingraea latifolia (Ruíz & Pav.) F.H. Hellwig

AR, BO, CO, EC, PE, VE

“chilca” (Argentina); “aurauchu”, “yurak-chilka” (Bolivia); “algodoncillo”, “buéntsamo”, “buétsemo”, “chilca”, “chilca blanca”, “chilca negra”, “chilca rucia”, “chilco”, “chilco blanco”, “chilco negro”, “chilquilla negra teñidora”, “chirca”, “chirco”, “gurrubo” (Colombia); “chilca”, “chilca negra”, “chiza”, “yana chilca” (Ecuador); “chilka” (Peru); “botonera”, “niquitao” (Venezuela).

tonic, antidiabetic, antirrheumatic, vulnerary, emolient, disinfectant, for diarrhoea, for inflammation, for pulmonar affections (Correa & Yesid Bernal, 1990)

--

Baccharis linearis(Ruíz & Pav.) Pers. Molina linearis Ruiz & Pav.; Baccharis rosmarinifolia Hook. & Arn.; B. lingulata Less.; B. linifolia Meyen; B. rosmarinifolia var. subsinuata DC.; B. callistemoides Walp.; B. subandina Phil.; B. rosmarinifolia var. callistemoides (Walp.) Heering; B. rosmarinifolia var. subandina (Phil.) Heering; B. holmbergii Hicken

AR, CH

“romerillo” (Argentina).

for arterial blood, for pyorrhea (San Martín, 1983)
antispasmodic, antirrheumatic, vulnerary, for inflammations, for wounds, for catarrh (Zin, 1922)

insect repelent, allelopathic, citotoxic, antifeedant (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis megapotamica Spreng.
Baccharis pyramidalis Gardner

AR, BR, PA, UR

--

potentially medicinal

allelochemical, cerebral toxicity, antileukemic, antibiotic, antiinflammatory, analgesic (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis microcephala (Less.) DC.
Molina microcephala Less.; B. microptera Baker

AR, BR, PA, UR

“carqueija”, “carqueja” (Argentina); “carqueja”, “cambará” (Brazil), “yaguareté-ka’á” (Paraguay).

digestive, hepatoprotective, antiseptic (Zardini, 1984)

--

Baccharis multiflora Kunth
Neomolina multiflora (Kunth) F.H. Hellw.

ME

--

against catarrhs, for urinary problems (Heinrich, 1996)

--

Baccharis nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.
Molina nitida Ruiz & Pav.; Baccharis prinoides Kunth; B. cassinoides auct. non DC.; B. oronocensis DC.; B. popayanensis Hieron.; B. oronocensis var. perua Cuatrec.; B. nitida f. angustifolia Cuatrec.; B. lepidota Gilli

BO, CO, EC, PE, VE

“chilca blanca”, “chilco blanco”, “chilco negro”, “chilquilla arenilla”, “espadero”, “humadero” (Colombia).

for cough, for bronchitis, for pulmonar affections (Girault, 1987)

--

Baccharis notosergila Griseb.
Baccharis curtifolia S. Moore

AR, BR, PA, UR

“carqueija”, “carqueja” (Argentina).

antirrheumatic (Zardini, 1984)

antibiotic (Gutkind et al., 1981)
antimicrobial (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis odorata Kunth

CO, PE

--

for influenza, for colds, for bone fractures and dislocations (Girault, 1987)

--

Baccharis pedunculata (Mill.) Cabrera
Conyza pedunculata Mill.; Eupatorium cotinifolium Willd.; Baccharis cotinifolia (Willd.) Urb.; Pseudobaccharis cotinifolia (Willd.) I.L. Teodoro; Baccharis cinnamomifolia Kunth; Psila cinnamomifolia (Kunth) Aristeg.; Baccharis venusta Kunth; B. speciosa DC.; Eupatorium braunii Pol.; Baccharis braunii (Pol.) Standl.; B. splendens Heering; B. ibaguensis Cuatrec.

AN, BO, CO, CR, EC, GU, HO, ME, NI, PN, PE, VE

“chilca”, “chilca teñidora” (Colombia).

potentially medicinal

antifungal (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis pentlandii DC.
Baccharis fallax Kuntze; B. rubricaulis Rusby

BO, PE

--

antirrheumatic, antiseptic, disinfectant, for cough, for pneumonia, for sprains, for bone fractures and dislocations (Girault, 1987)

gastroprotective, antiviral (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis pilularis DC.
Baccharis congesta DC.; B. consanguinea DC.; B. pilularis var. consanguinea (DC.) Kuntze; B. pilularis subsp. consanguinea (DC.) C.B. Wolf

ME, US

“coyote brush” (US).

for treating hay fever, sinusitis, frontal headaches, to prevent baldness, as a female hygienic agent (Harding-Barlow, ined.)

--

Baccharis salicifolia(Ruíz & Pav.) Pers.
Molina salicifolia Ruíz & Pav.; M. striata Ruíz & Pav.; M. viscosa Ruíz & Pav.; M. parviflora Ruíz & Pav.; Baccharis glutinosa Pers.; B. parviflora (Ruíz & Pav.) Pers.; B. lanceolata Kunth, B. iresinoides Kunth; B. farinosa Spreng.; B. longipes DC.; B. coerulescens DC.; B. alamanii DC.; B. longifolia DC.; B. marginalis DC.; B. chilquilla DC.; B. linifolia DC.; B. viscosa (Ruíz & Pav.) Kuntze; B. viscosa var.nigricans Kuntze; B. marginalis var. longipes Heering; B. lanceolata Kunth emend. Heering; B. purpurascens Heering; Pingraea salicifolia (Ruíz & Pav.) F.H. Hellwig; P. viscosa (Ruíz & Pav.) F.H. Hellwig

US, Central and South America

“chilca”, “chilca amarga”, “chilca blanca”, “chilca dulce”, “chilca hû”, “chirca”, “jarilla”, “jarilla del río”, “junco”, “romerillo”, “suncho”, “vara dulce”, “yuno” (Argentina); “chilca” (Bolivia); “chilca”, “chilco” (Colombia); “axixtlacotl” (Mexico); “chilca” (Peru); “mulefat”, “seep willow”, “water wally” (US).

diuretic, against fevers, diaphoretic, for headache, for inflammation, for diarrhoea, for dysentery (Heinrich, 1996)
antirrheumatic, antisyphilitic (Zardini, 1984)

--

Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray
Baccharis sarothroides var. pluricephala Jeps.; B. arizonica Eastw.

ME, US

“desert broom” (US).

for colds, for relieving sore muscles (Heinrich, 1996)

citotoxic (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis scandens (Ruíz & Pav.) Pers.
Molina scandens Ruíz & Pav.; Baccharis adscendens Pers.; B. fevillei DC.; B. petiolata DC.; B. calliprinos Griseb.; B. mirabilis Heering; Pingraea scandens (Ruíz & Pav.) F.H. Hellwig

AR, CH, PE

“chascoma”, “chilca”, “chilca dulce”, “fía mate”, “palo blanco”, “suncho blanco” (Argentina).

laxative, expectorant, for bronchitis, for pulmonar affections (Girault, 1987)
antirrheumatic, for wounds (Zin, 1922)

--

Baccharis serrifolia DC.
Baccharis kellermanii Greenm.; Archibaccharis prorepens S.F. Blake; Baccharis prorepens (S.F. Blake) J.D. Jacks.

GU, HO, ME, NI

--

for gastrointestinal illnesses (Heinrich, 1996)

antispasmodic (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis teindalensis Kunth
Baccharis capitata Kunth

CO, EC

--

antiinflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial (Vidari et al., 2003)

antiviral (Verdi et al., 2005)
antiulceral, antidiarrhoeic (Vidari et al., 2003)

Baccharis tola Phil.
Baccharis microphylla var. incarum Wedd.; B. lejia Phil.; B. magellanica var. subviscosa Kuntze; B. magellanica var. subviscossima Kuntze; B. tola var. lejia (Phil.) Reiche; B. incarum (Wedd.) Perkins; B. tafiensis Heering; B. incarum var. lejia (Phil.) Cabrera; B. tola var. incarum (Wedd.) Joch. Müller

AR, BO, CH, PE

“baila buen”, “lejía”, “tola”, “tola lejía” (Argentina).

medicinal (Pérez-García et al., 2001)

protein synthesis, antibacterial, antiinflammatory (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis tricuneata (L. f.) Pers.
Erigeron tricuneatum L. f.; Baccharis microphylla Kunth

BO, CO, EC, PE, VE

“china-thula”, “chilka”, “hirwa-kowa” (Bolivia); “anisillo”, “sanalotodo” (Colombia); “tayanqa” (Peru); “chilca”, “sanalotodo” (Venezuela).

vulnerary, antidiabetic, antianemic, antirrheumatic, antiseptic, disinfectant, for wounds, for headache, for bronchitis (Correa & Yesid Bernal, 1990)

--

Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC.
Molina trimera Less.; Baccharis genistelloides var. trimera (Less.) Baker

AR, BR, BO, PA, PE, UR

“carqueja” (Argentina, Brazil); “nuchu-kuchu”, “quimsa-kuchu” (Bolivia), “yaguareté-ka’á” (Paraguay).

for renal affections, for varix (Correa & Yesid Bernal, 1990)
digestive, hepatoprotective, antiseptic, for female sterility (Zardini, 1984)

vasorelaxant, moluscicide, antimutagenic, hepatoprotective (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis trinervis Pers.
Conyza trinervis Lam.; Baccharis laxa Gardner; Heterothalamus trinervis (Pers.) Hook. & Arn.; Pseudobaccharis trinervis (Pers.) Badillo;P. trinervis (Pers.) I. L. Teodoro; Psila trinervis (Pers.) Cabrera

AR, BO, BR, CO, EC, GU, HO, ME, NI, PA, PE, PN, UR, VE

“chiñi kimsa kuchu” (Bolivia); “árnica”, “barzalito”, “barzalito de monte”, “chaparral de bestia”, “chilca”, “chilquita”, “chipolo”, “gavilana”, “lengua de gato”, “machucha”, “mandaguasca”, “marucha”, “varejón” (Colombia); “alcotan” (Ecuador); “Santa María” (Panama); “canaciche”, “chilquita”, “niquitaíto” (Venezuela).

antihemorrhoidal, antiinflammatory, antirrheumatic, for waist-ache, for jaundice, for male sexual impotence, for female sterility (Correa & Yesid Bernal, 1990)
for treating fever, oedemas, sores, muscle cramps, gastrointestinal disorders (Heinrich, 1996)

antiviral, antiinflammatory, antioxidant (Verdi et al., 2005)

Baccharis vaccinioides Kunth
Baccharis confertoides G.L. Nesom

ES, GU, HO, ME

--

for gastrointestinal disorders (Heinrich, 1996)

--

Baccharis wrightii A.Gray

ME

--

for head disorders emetic (Boldt, 1989)

--