Psicología desde el Caribe

Psychometric study of the forgiveness in divorce-separation questionnaire

Resumen El objetivo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de confiabilidad y validez del Cuestionario de Perdón en el Divorcio-Separación (CPD-S), de Yárnoz-Yaben y Comino (2012). La muestra estuvo conformada por 203 estudiantes universitarios, varones (25.1%) y mujeres (74.9%), que tuvieron una experiencia amorosa de pareja, cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 32 años de edad, con una edad promedio de 20.51 años (D.E= 3.375), a fin de obtener evidencias que apoyen su uso en la ciudad de Lima. El análisis de correlación ítem-test encontró asociaciones altamente significativas (p<.001) para cada uno de los ítems, indicando que los reactivos evalúan indicadores de un mismo constructo. El cuestionario presenta una consistencia interna adecuada (α de Cronbach=.720). Asimismo, la evaluación del sesgo por medio de la comparación de coeficientes Alfa sugiere la ausencia de este. Se obtuvo evidencias de validez convergente y predictiva del cuestionario. Por último, para analizar la estructura factorial se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, en el que el resultado de la prueba KMO pone en duda la factibilidad de realizar dicho análisis. Con base en los resultados obtenidos se afirma que la validez del CPS no es concluyente.

Abstract The objective was to analyze the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of the questionnaire Forgiveness in Divorce-separation (CPD-S), of Yárnoz-Yaben and Comino (2012). The sample consisted of 203 college students, men (25.1%) and women (74.9%), who had an experience of love couple, aged between 16 and 32 years old with an average age of 20.51 years (SD = 3.375), in order to obtain evidence to support its use in the city of Lima. Correlation analysis item-test found highly significant associations (p <0.001) for each of the items, indicating that the reagents evaluated indicators same construct. The questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α= .720). Also, the evaluation of bias by comparing coefficients Alfa suggests absence. Evidence of convergent and predictive validity was obtained of questionnaire. Finally, to analyze the factor structure, an exploratory factor analysis where the result of the KMO test casts doubt on the feasibility of such analysis. Based on the results obtained states that the validity of the CPS is inconclusive.

Relation between attachment and frontal and executive functions in 6-10 year old kids from a publi school

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo establecer la relación entre los patrones de apego y funciones frontales en niños escolarizados de 6 a 10 años de una institución educativa pública de Bello (Antioquia, Colombia). Método: diseño observacional, analítico, transversal, prospectivo, Muestra: Participaron 29 escolares seleccionados a conveniencia de una institución educativa pública. Se utilizó el test breve de inteligencia de Kaufman (K-BIT), la batería de funciones ejecutivas y lóbulos frontales (BANFE-2) y para evaluar apego el MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB). Resultados: El apego seguro parece estar asociado a un funcionamiento ejecutivo óptimo; específicamente, a la capacidad para desarrollar secuencias consecutivas e inversas, mantener en la memoria de trabajo resultados parciales, inhibir la interferencia, planear una serie de acciones que conllevan a una meta específica, operar en una condición incierta y aprender relaciones que necesitan del análisis riesgo-beneficio para obtener las mayores ganancias posibles.

Abstract This article aims to stablish the relationship between attachment patterns and the frontal functions in children who form part of a public school and whose age was 6 - 10 years old. Method: observational, analytic, transversal and prospective design. Sample: 29 children selected by a convenience criterion. It was used the Kaufman's brief Intelligence test (K-BIT), the executive functions and frontal lobules battery (BANFE-2) and in order to evaluate attachment it was used the MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB). Results: The secure attachment could be could be associated to the optimal executive performance; particularly the ability to develop consecutive and inverse sequences, maintaining partial results in work-memory, interference inhibition, planification of goal oriented actions, performance in uncertain conditions and the analysis of benefits-risk actions in order to obtain the highest earnings as possible.

Work meaning from work psychology. A historical, psychological and sociological revision

Resumen En los estudios realizados por las ciencias sociales acerca del trabajo se encuentra una diversidad de enfoques, metodologías y niveles de análisis desde diversas perspectivas como la económica, histórica, social y psicológica. La evolución del constructo ha ido desde la distinción entre labor y trabajo hasta considerarla como actividad degradante, castigadora o, por el contrario, dignificante, ubicándose en un espacio central en la vida de los individuos. Este artículo de revisión aborda el fenómeno del trabajo desde una perspectiva histórica, ubicando definiciones y la configuración del concepto, desde la época grecorromana hasta la década de los años setenta del siglo XX. Se recalcan condiciones constitutivas de la configuración de significado como son la escala de valores, las circunstancias, el contexto y la socialización con el trabajo. El porqué se trabaja y la importancia de trabajar hacen parte de la configuración del significado del trabajo presentada en esta revisión.

Abstract There is a diversity of approaches, methodologies and levels of analysis from economical, methodological, social and psychological different perspectives in the studies performed by the Social Sciences about the concept of "work". The transformation of the construct has evolved from the distinction between the concepts of labor" and "work" to the consideration of a degrading, punishing or on the contrary a dignifying activity locating itself in a central spot in people's life. The revision in this article is about the phenomenon of "work" from an historical point of view finding definitions with the configuration of the concept from the Greco-Roman period to the decade of the seventies of the XX century. Constitutive conditions are highlighted of the configuration of the meaning such as the meaning of values, circumstances, context and socialization. Why people work and the importance of working are part of the meaning of "work" presented in this revision.

Jogos Eletrônicos e a Cognição em Idosos - Uma Revisão Sistemática

Resumo As discussões acadêmicas a respeito dos jogos eletrônicos aumentaram consideravelmente nos últimos anos. Muito tem se discutido sobre os efeitos dos diversos gêneros de jogos eletrônicos disponíveis no mercado. Algumas pesquisas estão utilizando os jogos eletrônicos como instrumentos para a reabilitação cognitiva de indivíduos acometidos de alguma patologia ou trauma, bem como na população idosa com declínio cognitivo. Tendo em vista este cenário, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos dos jogos eletrônicos na cognição de idosos saudáveis. O método utilizado para elaboração deste estudo foi a revisão sistemática, seguindo os passos propostos pelo modelo de Prisma. As pesquisas foram realizadas através das bases de dados virtuais Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (Pubmed). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a grande maioria dos estudos encontrou efeitos positivos, após exposição dos idosos aos jogos eletrônicos, na atenção, memória, raciocínio, percepção e funções executivas.

Abstract Academic discussions about the electronic games have increased considerably in recent years. Much has been discussed about the effects of multiple genres of electronic games available on the market. Some surveys are using video games as tools for cognitive rehabilitation of individuals affected by some pathology or trauma, as well as in the elderly with cognitive decline. Given this scenario, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of video games in healthy older adults' cognition. The method used to elaborate this paper was a systematic review following the steps proposed by the Prisma model. The research was conducted through the virtual databases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (Pubmed). The results highlight positive effects after exposure of the elderly to electronic games on attention, memory, reasoning, perception, and executive functions.