Psicología desde el Caribe

Life satisfaction in college students: values as predictors

Resumen Los valores básicos de vida se emplean para explicar la satisfacción con la vida; es escasa la investigación que existe centrada en estudiar esta relación con estudiantes universitarios. Por tanto, el presente estudio pretende verificar la predicción de valores de tipo personal, central y social de la satisfacción con la vida de un grupo de 133 estudiantes españoles (108 son mujeres, 81,2%) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 37 años. Para esto se utilizó el "Cuestionario de valores básicos" y la "Escala de satisfacción con la vida". Los resultados de análisis de regresión lineales múltiples realizados indican que los valores de orientación social son predictores significativos de la satisfacción con la vida. Además, se destaca que los valores sociales normativos, en correspondencia con los valores materialistas, son un predictor de la satisfacción. Valores normativos más altos se asocian con una mayor satisfacción con la vida. Los resultados hallados justifican la necesidad de conocer mejor el efecto de los valores en la satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes universitarios de cara a promover la adaptabilidad y el éxito en la gestión personal de su carrera.

Abstract Values are often used to explain life satisfaction, but little research has focus on this relationship in college students. In this study we sought to determine whether personal, central and social values predict the life satisfaction of a group of 133 Spanish college students of both sex (108 women, 81.2%), aged 18 to 37 years old. The data collection took place through the use of the "Basic Values Survey" and the "Satisfaction with Life Scale". The results of multiple linear regression analyses indicate that social values are predictors of life satisfaction. Besides, normative values, which correspond to the materialist values, are predictors of life satisfaction. Higher normative values are associated with higher life satisfaction. These results justify the need of better understanding of the effects of life values on the life satisfaction of college students, in order to promote their adaptability and self-career management success.

Rasch analysis of the WHOQOL-BREF in older adults from Bucaramanga and Manizales

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es valuar las evidencias de validez de una aproximación unidimensional al WHOQOL-BREF en adultos mayores. Se aplicó el instrumento a una muestra probabilística de 510 adultos mayores de Bucaramanga y Manizales adscritos a centros día o centros vida. Se realizaron análisis Rasch de ajuste de categorías de respuesta, ajuste de los ítems y de las personas, funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems, unidimensionalidad y confiabilidad. Fue necesario colapsar las categorías de respuesta de cinco a cuatro opciones. Todos los ítems se ajustaron de forma adecuada al modelo de Rasch, al igual que una alta proporción de adultos mayores. Se identificó funcionamiento diferencial tipo C en cinco ítems, aunque se pudo establecer que este tiene un bajo impacto en la medida. La consistencia interna fue de 0,92, y la confiabilidad de los ítems de 0,98. Se presenta el mapa de Wright. A partir del WHOQOL-BREF se puede obtener una medida unidimensional a nivel de intervalo de calidad de vida en adultos mayores.

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the validity evidences of a unidimensional approach to WHOQOL-BEF in older adults. The instrument was applied to a probabilistic sample of 510 older adults from Bucaramanga and Manizales beneficiaries of day care institutions. Rasch analyses of category function, item and person fit, differential item functioning, unidimensionality and reliability analyses were performed. The category structure had to be collapsed from five to four choices. All items and a high proportion of older adults showed adequate adjustment to the Rasch model. Differential item functioning was identified in five items, although their impact on overall measure was low. Internal consistency was 0.92 and item reliability 0.98. Wright's map is presented. A unidimensional, interval-scale measure of quality of life can be obtained from the WHOQOL-BREF for older adults.

Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, in workers of the manufacturing industry

Resumen El presente estudio reporta las propiedades psicométricas y el factor de estructura de la Escala de satisfacción con la vida (SWLS) en una muestra de trabajadores de la industria manufacturera en Jalisco, México (N = 774). La SWLS es una medida diseñada con el fin de evaluar la satisfacción de vida subjetiva. La muestra fue proporcional de 32 industrias participantes de los tres parques. Resultados del análisis factorial demostraron que la escala se comporta como una estructura unifactorial, lo que explica una varianza total del 66%, con elevados pesos factoriales para cada elemento (entre 0,74 y 0,86). La consistencia interna de la SWLS (a = 0,82) resultó ser alta en relación con los cinco ítems de la escala. El análisis factorial muestra que la SWLS tenía validez concurrente adecuada.

Abstract This study reports the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Satisfaction Scale with Life (SWLS) in a sample of workers in the manufacturing industry in Jalisco, Mexico (N = 774). The scale (SWLS) is a measure designed to assess subjective life satisfaction. The sample was proportional 32 industries participating of the three industrial parks. Results of factor analysis showed that the scale behaves as a factor structure, explaining total variance of 66%, with high factor loadings for each element (between 0.74 and 0.86). The internal consistency of the SWLS (a = 0.82) was high in relation to the five items of the scale. Factorial analysis showed that SWLS had adequate concurrent validity.

FUNCIONAMENTO FAMILIAR, DIFERENCIAÇÃO DO SELF E ADAPTABILIDADE DE CARREIRA DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS BRASILEIROS

Resumo Embora a influência da família no desenvolvimento de carreira seja consolidada pela literatura científica, essa interface ainda é pouco explorada a partir da teoria familiar sistêmica, principalmente no contexto brasileiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as relações entre funcionamento familiar, diferenciação do self e adaptabilidade de carreira de universitários. A amostra foi composta por 800 estudantes de 70 cursos de graduação de universidades brasileiras, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. Constatou-se que universitários com níveis mais elevados de diferenciação do self e adaptabilidade de carreira apresentaram maior equilíbrio entre coesão e flexibilidade na interação familiar e percepções positivas da comunicação e da satisfação em relação à família. Esses resultados podem contribuir para a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção por parte de profissionais na área da psicologia clínica, de aconselhamento de carreira e gestão universitária.

Abstract Although the influence of the family in the career development is consolidated for the scientific literature, this interface is still little explored through the systemic family theory, mainly in the Brazilian context. The objective of this study was to analyse the relations between family working, differentiation of self and career adaptability of university students. The sample was composed for 800 students of 70 graduation courses of Brazilian universities, of both sexes, with ages between 18 and 35. It was found that university students with more elevated levels of differentiation of self and career adaptability presented higher balance between cohesion and flexibility in family interaction, and positive perceptions of communication and satisfaction in relation to the family. These results can contribute for the elaboration of intervention strategies by clinic psychology professionals, career counseling and university management.

JUSTIÇA ORGANIZACIONAL, ROTATIVIDADE & PROFISSIONAIS DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO

Resumo Empresas de Tecnologia de Informação (TI) com freqüência têm vivenciado dificuldades de atração e retenção de profissionais qualificados em razão das muitas ofertas de emprego na área e da insuficiente entrada destes no mercado. Decorre disto que tais empresas têm empreendido esforços para comprometê-los e reduzir os elevados índices de rotatividade. Com essa justificativa, o estudo analisou a relação entre percepção de Justiça Organizacional e intenção de profissionais de TI em permanecerem nas empresas que os empregam. A pesquisa, descritiva, de corte transversal, utilizou a coleta de dados às escalas EPJO e EICCO. Participaram 23 profissionais desenvolvedores de TI. Os dados foram analisados no programa SPSS® 20.0 e passaram pelo teste de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e recursos de estatística inferencial. Os resultados revelam profissionais com médio/alto grau de comprometimento que permanecem pouco tempo nas empresas e que percebem como adequado o tratamento recebido de seus líderes.

Abstract Companys of the Information Technology (IT) have often experienced difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified professionals, because of the many jobs in the area and insufficient intake of these on the market. It follows from this, that have undertaken efforts to engage them with the organization and reduce high turnover rates. With this rationale, the present study examined the relationship between perceived organizational justice and intention of IT professionals to remain in the companies that employ them. The research, descriptive, cross-sectional, was attended by 23 developers professionals and the EPJO and EICCO scales were used for data collection. Data were organized and analyzed using SPSS ® 20.0 program, passed by the Shapiro Wilk normality test resources and inferential statistics. The findings reveal that professional, although with medium / high level of commitment, remain a short time in the companies, and they perceive as the appropriate treatment received from their leaders.

Differences in school anxiety according to sex and academic year in elementary school students

Resumen La literatura informa que la prevalencia de la ansiedad en edad infantil ha aumentado exponencialmente durante las últimas décadas, lo que ha generado la necesidad de monitorear de forma permanente los estados emocionales, principalmente en niños, y así evitar las dificultades de esta problemática. El objetivo fue establecer diferencias en ansiedad escolar en función del sexo y el curso académico en estudiantes chilenos de educación básica. Para esto se contó con 3212 alumnos de 30 colegios de Ñuble, en Chile, 1639 niñas y 1573 niños, en edades entre los ocho y los 15 años (M = 10,05, DT = 1,01). La ansiedad escolar se evaluó con el Inventario de ansiedad escolar para educación primaria, el cual evalúa tres sistemas de respuesta (cognitiva, conductual y psicofisiológica), y cuatro factores situacionales (ansiedad ante el castigo escolar, ansiedad ante la victimización, ansiedad ante la evaluación social y ansiedad ante la evaluación y el fracaso escolar). Los resultados indican que las niñas presentan niveles de ansiedad significativamente mayores que los niños, aunque de pequeña magnitud. Con respecto al curso académico, se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre 4° y 5°, entre 4° y 6° y entre 5° y 6° año. Estos resultados corroboran los obtenidos en investigaciones previas y alertan sobre su permanencia en el tiempo.

Abstract The literature reports that the prevalence of anxiety in childhood has increased exponentially during the last decades, generating with it the need to permanently monitor emotional states mainly in children and thus avoid the difficulties of this problem. The objective was to establish differences in school anxiety according to gender and academic course in Chilean students of basic education. The sample consisted of 3212 students from 30 schools in Ñuble, in Chile, 1639 girls and 1573 children and ages between 8 and 15 years (M = 10,05, DT = 1,01), school anxiety was evaluated with the School Anxiety Inventory for children of Elementary Education, which evaluates three response systems (cognitive, behavioral and psychophysiological), and four situational factors (anxiety about social assessment, anxiety about evaluation and school failure, school punishment and anxiety about victimization). The results indicate that girls have significantly higher anxiety levels than boys, although of small magnitude. Regarding the academic year, there are statistically significant differences between 4th and 5th, between 4th and 6th and between 5th and 6th year. These results corroborate those obtained in previous research and alert about the permanence of them over time.

Normative data for the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery of Reading, Writing and Cognitive Functions (ENLEF)

Resumen Las dificultades de aprendizaje constituyen una problemática frecuente en las escuelas. Aunque diversos instrumentos de evaluación neuropsicológica han sido creados, la mayoría se han desarrollado y estandarizado para población no colombiana, o no están diseñados para niños menores de seis años y no permiten relacionar claramente las habilidades académicas y los procesos cognitivos subyacentes a ellas. El objetivo de este estudio es construir los datos normativos de la batería ENLEF en población infantil colombiana a partir de la evaluación de la influencia de las variables sociodemográficas en el desempeño de la prueba. Participaron 516 niños y niñas escolarizados de entre cuatro y siete años, quienes fueron evaluados por psicólogos entrenados con la batería ENLEF. Los resultados mostraron una influencia de la edad y el estrato sobre el desempeño de los participantes en la mayoría de las pruebas. Sin embargo, en algunas pruebas de lenguaje y de lectura se observó solo una influencia del estrato socioeconómico. Los resultados del presente estudio permiten el uso de la ENLEF en la población infantil colombiana como una alternativa culturalmente contextualizada para la evaluación de funciones cognitivas y habilidades de lectoescritura. Además, se confirma la influencia de la edad y el nivel socioeconómico sobre el desarrollo cognitivo.

Abstract Learning disabilities are a frequent problem identified at school. Although there are several neuropsychological tests available, most of them have been developed and standardized for non-Colombian population, haven't been designed for children below six years old, and don't allow to clearly relate academic skills with cognitive process. The aim of this study was to develop normative data for the ENLEF test for Colombian children, by assessing the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the test performance. Trained psychologists assessed 516 school-children aged from four to seven years using the ENLEF test. Results showed an influence of age and socioeconomic status on the participants' performance in most of the subtest. Nevertheless, in some language and reading subtests, only the influence of socioeconomic status showed an influence on the performance. These results allow the use of the ENLEF test for children in Colombia, as a culturally-contextualized option to assess cognitive functions and reading and writing skills. Furthermore, influence of age and socioeconomic status on cognitive development is also confirmed.