LINARES, SEBASTIAN. Democracy without Shortcuts: Cognitively Demanding but Short in Participative Opportunities. []. , spe55, pp.57-85.   09--2023. ISSN 0122-9893.  https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n55.05.

In this text, three criticisms of Democracy without Shortcuts (2020), by Cristina Lafont, are developed. In the first place, it is argued that this work formulates an ideal of doxastic justification of laws that is cognitively very demanding for the common citizen and fails to consider the virtuous side of deference to epistemic authorities and suspensions of judgment. Second, by asking the citizen not only to (rationally) "endorse", but also to "identify" herself with the laws that bind her, introduces a vector of tension in practice, since the psychological motivations for identification may differ - and in fact differ - with the motivations to rationally support a political decision. Finally, it is argued that the institution of judicial review is incapable of forging the appropriate incentives to achieve the enlightened endorsement of the majority of the population subject to the laws, and that other participatory institutions - such as citizen referendum initiatives - would be more efficient in that goal.

: Doxastic justification; participatory democracy; epistemic democracy; judicial review; democratic innovation.

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