LAFONT, CRISTINA. Defending Democracy as an Inclusive Dialogue without Shortcuts. Some Replies to my Critics. []. , spe55, pp.241-274.   09--2023. ISSN 0122-9893.  https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n55.13.

In this essay I address some questions and objections brought about by the contributors to this special issue on my book Democracy without Shortcuts. First, I clarify various questions related to my criticism of deep pluralist conceptions of democracy. Second, I address the difficult question of the completeness of public reason and the practical consequences in its absence. Third, I offer various arguments against the objection that my account of public deliberation is too demanding whereas my account of citizen participation is too austere or insufficiently demanding. Fourth, I address the question of whether the proliferation of empowered minipublics could be justified under non ideal circumstances such as the lack of global democracy. I use the distinction between complementing and sustitutive shortcuts in order to show why the first can serve democratic goals whereas the second cannot both in ideal and non-ideal circumstances. Finally, I address several objections to my participatory interpretation of the democratic legitimacy of judicial review.

: Pluralism; public reason; deliberative democracy; participation; minipublics; global democracy; judicial review; democratic legitimacy.

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