Abstract

VALENCIA, Gustavo Adolfo Díaz  and  MARTINEZ, Álvaro Villa. FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE ENTERPRISES IN COLOMBIA. MICROBUSINESS CASE PERIOD 2019-2021. Tend. [online]. 2024, vol.25, n.1, pp.139-165.  Epub Dec 01, 2023. ISSN 0124-8693.  https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.242501.244.

Microbusinesses represent more than 90% of the Colombian business fabric; however, the majority operate informally, lack banking services, and lack information technologies to enhance their competitiveness. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the probability of achieving processes of financial inclusion and adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the formalization of microbusinesses in Bogotá during the period 2019-2021. Methodologically, a mixed approach was used, based on qualitative analysis (characterization and results analysis) and quantitative analysis, using a database of 15,026 microbusinesses from the Microbusiness Survey of the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). A Probit model was implemented to calculate the probability of achieving formalization and banking through a probabilistic analysis and marginal effects. The study concludes that financial inclusion and the adoption of ICT are essential to ensure the growth of microbusinesses, even though some may remain informal and be unable to access these tools to ensure their sustainability. The results of the Probit model demonstrate that formality increases when companies formalize with the Chamber of Commerce and obtain the Unique Tax Registry (RUT).

JEL: D21, D52, M15, M20, M21.

Keywords : small enterprises; technology; banks; competitiveness; entrepreneurs; organizational change..

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