Abstract

BOTO, Carlota. Comenius and Universal Education to Teach All Things. Pedagogía y Saberes [online]. 2021, n.54, pp.37-54.  Epub Feb 05, 2022. ISSN 0121-2494.  https://doi.org/10.17227/pys.num54-11521.

This article-result of an investigation already completed-aims to understand Comenius' pedagogical ideas and ascertain their relevance. Thus, from a methodological point of view, an analytical study of the two main works of Comenius-Pampaedia (1971) and Didática magna (1997) was carried out. Such books were studied to understand the distinction between the school designed by the educator and the reality of the colleges and schools of his time. Comenius proposes a new teaching system, in which learning would take place through things and their sensitive perception. All teaching should be based on previous learning. Interested in the pedagogical principles that would lead to an ease in teaching and learning, Comenius designs what he calls universal education. The idea of universality is expressed herein because he believed in the possibility of teaching everything to everyone in different degrees of complexity. In addition, the idea of universality included the fact that everyone would have access to schooling: boys and girls, rich and poor, noble and commoners. Comenius assumes that a good method would be sufficient to teach all children well. This method, aimed at all children in the same class, is set as simultaneous teaching. This teaching model assumed that knowledge should coordinate what has already been learned with what it proposes to teach next. In this sense, to some extent, Comenius is one of the pioneers of graded education. In the end, we verified where this method still takes place, what potential it still has and what its limits are.

Keywords : Comenius; graded school; History of Education; Philosophy of Education; simultaneous teaching.

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