Abstract

AGUDELO-CASTANEDA, Genaro Andrés; CADENA-TORRES, Jorge; ALMANZA-MERCHAN, Pedro José  and  PINZON-SANDOVAL, Elberth Hernando. Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia. rev.colomb.cienc.hortic. [online]. 2018, vol.12, n.1, pp.223-232.  Epub July 25, 2020. ISSN 2011-2173.  https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7341.

At present, Colombia has 173,000 ha cultivated with Theobroma cacao, most of which are established in association with fruit or timber trees that provide shade, that can generate income for cocoa growers. In order to select species that make up the agroforestry system, it is necessary to consider the ecophysiological requirements of T. cacao geno types and the interaction with the agroecological environment, including shade. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological performance of nine cocoa clones established in an agroforestry system with Cariniana piryformis, Hevea brasiliensis (Carmen) Cariniana piryformis, and Tectonagrandis (Rionegro, Santander province). The photosynthesis rates, transpiration, stomatal conductance and efficient use of water in cocoa clones was monito red in the wet and dry season. The results showed that shade systems influence the photosynthetic rates of cocoa plants. The clones established under the shade system with C. piryformis presented higher rates of photosynthesis (5.39 µmoles CO2 m-2 s-1), both in the wet season and in the dry season. This was attributed to the type of growth and shade provided by this species, which offers better environmental conditions for the physiological performance of cocoa. As a result, this forest species is recommended for shading in the establishment of new areas of T. cacao in the Department of Santander. Individually, the cocoa clones with better echophysiological behavior included TCS19 and TCS13, making their genotypes agronomically important.

Keywords : agroforestry; cocoa cultivars; crop production; Cariniana pyriformis; seasonal variation physiological response.

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