Abstract

KABAT, Marina. State control of teaching during the first Peronist governments. Hallazgos [online]. 2021, vol.18, n.36, pp.53-101.  Epub July 01, 2021. ISSN 1794-3841.  https://doi.org/10.15332/2422409x.5657.

In the mid-twentieth century in Argentina, Peronism resorted to education as a means of political propaganda. This required a strong state control over teaching. Based on recently declassified official documents, this article analyzes the mechanisms deployed by the Peronist State to obtain information about teachers, and to detect and dismiss those who did not agree with the official ideology. In addition, the response of one of the main teachers' unions of the period is examined based on union documents. The information gathered allows us to question previous studies that affirmed that teacher dismissals had followed the corresponding institutional channels, that complaints were spontaneously made by the working class lacking other channels to make their voices heard. On the contrary, both the Police and the special information services were key factors in the control of teachers, and most teachers were fired disregarding the institutional procedures of the educational system. The study of these cases allows us to ponder on the scope of the repressive policy of the first Peronist governments and on the articulation of consensual and coercive mechanisms in the construction of hegemony.

Keywords : Education; Education administration; Teachers’ employment conditions; Teaching; Teaching freedom; Teachers’ unions.

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