Abstract

OLIVEROS-WILCHES,, Ricardo; FACUNDO-NAVIA,, Helena; BONILLA,, Ana Deise  and  PINILLA-MORALES., Raúl. Risk factors for gastric cancer. What is their role?. Rev. colomb. Gastroenterol. [online]. 2021, vol.36, n.3, pp.366-375.  Epub Jan 24, 2022. ISSN 0120-9957.  https://doi.org/10.22516/25007440.656.

The process of gastric carcinogenesis is multifactorial and sequential. We do not fully understand this, but we know the natural history of the disease described by Dr. Pelayo Correa and the existence of multiple risk factors. Identifying the factors involved in each step and managing them appropriately could help reduce the incidence of gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is probably the most widely known and discussed risk factor. However, there are other factors such as lifestyle, type of diet, family history of cancer, among others, that are also involved in the development and incidence of this cancer and have a wide window of time to exert their influence.

At the population level, identification and awareness of these risk factors can provide insight into the etiology of the disease and are essential for planning, monitoring and evaluating prevention plans, policies and strategies. It is therefore necessary to develop a study tool based on risk factor identification that can be added to endoscopic and histological findings and used in clinical practice for GC risk classification.

Keywords : Gastric cancer; Risk factors; Prevention; High-risk groups.

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