Abstract

SARMIENTO, María Paula  and  GOMEZ, Susana. Endocrine complications of down syndrome in pediatrics: a review of the literature. Medicas UIS [online]. 2022, vol.35, n.3, pp.91-103.  Epub Apr 17, 2023. ISSN 0121-0319.  https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v35n3-2022010.

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder worldwide, affecting 6,03 to 7,86 per 10.000 live births in Colombia. Pediatric patients with Down syndrome have a higher incidence of endocrine disorders compared to the general population. The aim of this paper was to review the endocrinological manifestations prevalent in pediatric patients with Down syndrome related to small stature, pubertal development, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Additionally, their follow-up and adequate treatment are described. A literature search was carried out from August 2020 to December 2021 in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. A total of 44 publications were included for this review. It is concluded that pediatric patients with Down syndrome are more likely to have short stature and have a higher risk of obesity and overweight. In addition, thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are frequent complications.

Keywords : Down syndrome; Endocrine System Disease; Thyroid Hormones; Diabetes Mellitus; Growth; Obesity; Puberty; Fertility; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Pediatrics.

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