Abstract

HERRERA-CORRALES, Laura C; OSPINA-ALZATE, David F  and  OCAMPO-JIMENEZ, Omar. Effect of arbustive mycorrhizal associations isolated from a desert environment on the growth of the bean Phaseolus vulgaris under water deficit. Actu Biol [online]. 2014, vol.36, n.100, pp.63-72. ISSN 0304-3584.

Arbustive mycorrhizal fungi (HMA) increase the ability of plants to resist or tolerate stressful conditions such as those caused by nutrient deficiency, attack by pathogens, chemical contaminants, and water déficit. However, these fungi have different effects on plants that are regulated by the plant, the fungus and environmental conditions, so that although there is no specificity between symbionts, not all mycorrhizal interactions end up being mutualistic, so the search for effective arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is essential to insure a beneficial symbiosis. In this study, we selected five sampling sites located in the upper Guajira of Colombian in the municipalities of Riohacha and Maicao, considering the plant community and physical characteristics of the soils. The fungi were multiplied in sterile soil and a mixture of plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris, Calendula officinalis, Lolium perenne y Phaseolus vulgaris) were used as plant traps. After 10 weeks of multiplication, two guilds were selected based on the content of propagules. We evaluated 6 treatments with 7 replicates per treatment: two guilds of HMA (G 3 and G 4) and a control without fungus (C) and two moisture conditions [water overwhelmed (AH) and without water burden (SAH)]. The effects of the guilds and the moisture condition on plant height, leaf area, leaf number, root dry weight, stem diameter of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization (hyphae, vesicles, and arbuscules) were evaluated. When plants were maintained without hydric stress, the best guild was G 3 and for plants under hydric stress the best guild was G 4. Mycorrhizal fungi native to desert climates may be effective alternatives for use with crops exposed to drought conditions.

Keywords : mycorrhiza; mycorrhizal symbiosis; Phaseolus vulgaris; water stress.

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