Abstract

RAMIREZ-PINEDA, Arianis Tatiana et al. Phylogeny and oncogenicity of the human papillomavirus: A translational approach for the discovery of biomarkers for the detection of precancerous lesions of the cervix. Rev. acad. colomb. cienc. exact. fis. nat. [online]. 2019, vol.43, n.168, pp.351-365. ISSN 0370-3908.  https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.792.

Cervical cancer is the main cause of mortality among women in populations with low and medium human development index. The infection with 14 genotypes of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main cause of this cancer. Prophylactic vaccines prevent this infection if they are applied before the onset of sexual activity. Unvaccinated women should be screened with the HR-HPV test and receive the histopathological diagnosis and timely treatment. About 20% of women are HR-HPV positive, but very few have potentially malignant lesions. Women infected with HPV16 or 18 genotypes or women with European ancestry infected with Native American variants of HPV 16 have a higher risk of cancer. Also, those with a history of use of hormonal contraceptives and cigarette smoking. These factors seem to contribute to an increase in the expression of the HR-HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7, which leads to the deregulation of cell cycle control and finally to cancer. We present here the state of the art of the carcinogenic mechanisms of HPV-AR emphasizing the role of the E6 and E7 proteins, as well as the results of our study on the HPV16 or 18 genotyping, the positivity rate of the p16 and ki67 proteins, and the bioinformatic evaluation of the aberrant expression of miRNAs and their correlation with the degree of cervical lesions. These data contribute to validate the clinical potential of these biomarkers for the detection of potentially malignant lesions of the cervix.

Keywords : Human papillomavirus; Viral variants; Phylogenetic; Cervical cancer; Biomarkers; Secondary prevention.

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