EDITORIAL
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/ries.1415

DRA. DIANA PATRICIA ARIAS HENAO
Editor
Doctorate's Degree in International Relations
revistafaries@unimilitar.edu.co

In this issue, the reader will find two thematic sections: New Threats: Theoretical Analysis and International Relations (IR) in Latin America. In the first part, its presented the article When are transgobernmental networks the best option to deal with biosecurity deals? A state of the art of the review, by the Ph.D. (c) in Political Science of the Free University of Berlin, master in international political economy for the University of Tsukuba, Japan, and professor of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Octavio González Segovia, where he maintains that the States decide by convenience of what kind of institutional agreement they can accept, and, related with biosecurity, he shows the common election of transgobernmental networks (TGN), despite of the States continue depending of formal treaties for address the security cooperation, many of this has been supplemented by TGN, due to flexibility, quickness, and low sovereign costs. Reviewing the estate of the art, he discusses two possible explanations faced with the rationalist approach.

Hereupon, The International Relations theory under a feminist approach, from Mauricio Lascuarín Fernández, Doctor's Degree by the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Master's Degree in IR of the University of Essex, Great Britain and Academic Vice Principal of the Colegio de Veracruz; followed by Luis Fernando Villafuerte Valdés, Doctor's Degree in Political Science and Public Administration by the UAM and lecturer of the Veracruzana University at Xalapa. They introduce the category of gender as an essential tool for the study of the international state interactions, analyzing the benefits of the feminist approach of the IR.

Later, the article: Europe against the threat posed by religious radicalism of the Islamic State, from the author Janiel David Melamed Visbal, master's degree in government, national security and counter terrorism of the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy (Herzliya, Israel), with doctoral studies of international security of the University Institute General Gutiérrez Mellado, at Spain, and researcher of the department of Political Science and International Relations at North University, in Colombia. He introduces a critical analysis about the upswing and ascent of Islamic State, a particular form of radical religious and violent Caliphate, that represents a serious threat of the international security, especially for Europe, showing the requirement in the liberal European societies, about the construction of a consensus related to how to deal with the hazard.

Cape Verde: from an "Unviable State" to the pragmatism in foreign policy, from the author João Paulo Madeira, Doctorate's Degree candidate in Social Sciences from the Lisbon University, lecturer of the University of Cape Verde and researcher of the center of Public Policy and Administration.

He studies synchronously the fundamental lines of the foreign policy of Cape Verde and their reflection in the IR, since the independence in 1975 until 2015, going to it characterization as an Unviable State. Through an interdisciplinary and interpretative approach, he analyses social and international phenomenon of this foreign policy and their risks in an international economy with financial crisis, laying down to the increase of the integration process in the region of Africa.

Failed States: Or the impossibility to constitute the modern Nation-State, is the paper of Flabián Nievas, Doctorate's Degree in Social Sciences and principal lecturer of the Buenos Aires University (UBA) and freelance researcher of CONICET, and the Doctorate's Degree in Social Sciences of the UBA, Carolina Sampó; Master's Degree in International Studies from the Torcuato Di Tella University, lecturer of the UBA and the National University of la Matanza, they are partially agree that the failed States generate international instability, through the settling of criminal transnational organizations between them. Nonetheless, the inclusion of countless cases in this category, forces an audit, not only for the category, but of their foundations, based in the context of modern Nation-State.

In the section International Relations in Latin America, we open up with Carlos Escudé, Ph.D. in Political Science of Yale University and principal of the Centre of Religion, State and Society of the Rabbinic Seminar Marshall T. Meyer. His article: From Tacitus to AMIA: A study on universal anti-semitism, Argentine zionism and the Timeran affair, shows empirical information, extracted of participatory action research, that probes the geopolitical applicability and adaptability of the Greco-Roman, connected with the communities of the Jewish Diaspora, with an active Jerusalemite Centre. He offers recent examples of Argentine and the United States and concretize in the pressures to excommunicate the Argentine chancellor Héctor Tirmerman, from the institutions of the Jewish community. The heuristics finds, show the validation of the "Barón Dialectic", a complex sociological and transhistorical mechanism, through the Jewish religion is forced by the Jewish nationality, both, this one is hold supranationality.

The perspective from civilizational dialogue from Latin America, by the authors Isaac Caro, Doctorate's Degree in American Studies from the Santiago de Chile University (USC) and lecturer of the universities Alberto Hurtado and Arturo Prat; and Isabel Rodríguez, Doctorate's Degree in Political Science and Sociology of the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), and lecturer of the University of the Development in Santiago, Chile, serves as a framework for the theoretical debate of the civilizational paradigm in IR, contrasting the clash of civilizations of the dialogue of the nations. They analyses meeting of civilization alliance (UN), studying the Argentine (at the endogenous and exogenous level), Brazil and Mexico.

Jorge Horbath and María Amalia Gracia, principal researches of the Department of Culture and Society from the Colegio de la Frontera Sur and researches of CONACYT, introduce, The right to education: An analysis from the recent education policy in Mexico in the last two decades. They study this social right in the international public agendas, focusing in the Mexican education policy reform, with the main intention of show the relation between the State and the right to education, contrasting the composition of the policy and the educative programs, with their formulas of budget distribution, that are show inadequate to solve a structural problem.

American moral unity and national fragmentation: The diplomacy of the United States of Colombia in the Caribbean (1863-1885), of the authors Raúl Román Romero, Doctorate's Degree in Latin America History and lecturer of the National University of Colombia (UN), at the Caribbean, together with María Camila Moncada Guevera, political scientist and researcher of the UN, they analyze mostly, around the moral unity, the political and diplomatic relations of Colombia whit the countries of the Caribbean during the governments of the radical liberalism, showing the influence of the political thought and the political action.

An army for peace: the bases of the doctrinaire change in the Chilean Army (2002-2006), from the Master's Degree candidate in History and Social Sciences and lecturer of the SEK University, Felipe Andrés Seguel Rojas, analyses the endogenous and exogenous changes experienced by the Chilean Army in the temporal framework: democratic transition; process marked by the Post-Cold War at an international level and the necessity of social legitimation of the army, at a global level.

The civil-military relations and the Bolivarian ideological project in Venezuela (1999-2014), by the authors Cristián Garay Vega, Doctorate's Degree in International Studies and lecturer of the Institute of Advances Studies of the USC and Froilán Ramos, with a postgraduate in History of the Andes University, Chile and lecturer of the Simón Bolívar University, in Venezuela. They offer that the crisis of the Bolivarian project in 2013 demanded a revision of the civil-military relations. Even though they enroll this project inside a populism framework, they notice that it does not obey to an ideological interpretation or purely individual (charismatic), but to the confirmation of a facto power with old roots with chavistas characteristics.

Finally, The Sea's dispute: the Bolivian soft power faced with multilateral organism (2006- 2013), by the authors Loreto Correa Vera, Doctorate's Degree in Humanities of the San Pablo University, Master's Degree in Latin America History of the Andalucía University and in American History of the University of Chile, principal lecturer at the National Academy of Political and Strategic Studies of Chile, and Lidia Vera Vega, with a bachelor in Political Science and International Relations of the Alberto Hurtado University, in Chile. They exhibit how Evo Morales has assumed the refoundation of the State through the use of the Soft Power in the Bolivian foreign policy and the introduction of the citizen-centric logic in the speeches related to the maritime topic in several international forums, a context where the integration is possible under the maritime claim.