Abstract

GIACALONE, Rita. Asymmetric regionalism as the axis of South American resistance to Brazil (2000-2013). rev.relac.int.estrateg.segur. [online]. 2018, vol.13, n.1, pp.163-192. ISSN 1909-3063.  https://doi.org/10.18359/ries.2943.

Regionalism always creates tensions among its members due to its asymmetrical character, but in South America, Brazilian regionalism has realistic, constructivist, and institutional features that emphasize asymmetry with its neighbors. As a result, organizations built to support Brazil's regional and global projection generated resistance in South American governments between 2000 and 2013. The objectives of this article are to analyze this resistance in Chile, Argentina, and Venezuela; to identify the systemic, normative, and external factors that enabled it and its stages, and link resistance with global paradigms of regionalism. As a methodology, the documentary review was used for the first objectives and discourse analysis, as a qualitative research technique, to infer the motivations and link with paradigms of regionalism. Among the results, it is highlighted that systemic factors are arising from South American historical experience that explains the emergence and maintenance of resistance. This can be divided into stages (2000-2004, 2005-2010, 20112013) according to the strategies applied, and it is linked to the fact that Brazilian regionalism follows the region-centric paradigm, and its neighbors prefer decentralized multipolarity.

Keywords : asymmetric regionalism; resistance strategies; foreign policy; Brazil; South America.

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