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Revista Cuidarte
Print version ISSN 2216-0973On-line version ISSN 2346-3414
Abstract
CARDENAS-SIERRA, Denny Miley et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis in the northeastern region of Colombia. Rev Cuid [online]. 2023, vol.14, n.1, e03. Epub May 27, 2023. ISSN 2216-0973. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2287.
Introduction:
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis prevalent in one-third of the world’s population, adversely affecting maternal-fetal health by causing varying degrees of damage to the fetus. Objective: To assess the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies and associated risk factors in first- trimester pregnant women in Cúcuta, Colombia, in 2018.
Materials and Methods:
Cross-sectional and correlational study in 111 women who voluntarily participated. Specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by luminescence immunoassay (LIA).
Results:
Total seropositivity for IgM and IgG was 19.8% and 35.1%, respectively, 11.7% was for IgM only, and 53.2% corresponded to the overall seronegativity rate for T. gondii. Risk factors (CI = 95%) such as undercooked meat consumption (54.1% of cases, OR = 1.8, p = 0.120), tap water consumption (48.6%, OR = 1.4, p = 0.421), and goat or cow raw milk consumption (39.6%, OR = 0.78, p = 0.553) were identified; in addition, living with cats (23.4%) was identified as a risk factor significantly associated with parasite seropositivity (OR = 2.8, p = 0.025).
Discussion and conclusions:
Our findings showed a possible risk of primary infection in more than half of the pregnant population, given the seronegativity against the parasite. A considerable frequency of suspected cases of very recent infection was also found. In additionto being associated with a previously recognized risk factor, this fact suggests the presence of other dietary risks that should be addressed through prevention strategies during prenatal care and the need to strengthen event surveillance.
Keywords : Risk Factors; Immunity; Pregnant Women; Seroprevalence; Toxoplasmosis.