Resumen

RODRIGUEZ, Luis Ernesto. Origins and evolution of cultivated potato. A review. Agron. colomb. [online]. 2010, vol.28, n.1, pp.9-17. ISSN 0120-9965.

Potato was domesticated some 6,000 to 10,000 years ago in the southern Andes of Peru, north from Lake Titicaca. The process is believed to have started from a set of wild species of the Solanum brevicaule complex (S. bukasovii, S. canasense and S. multissectum) that would have given origin to S. stenotomum, which is probably the first domesticated potato, and the immediate ancestor of S. andigena through repeated sexual polyploidization processes in different cultivation zones. The consequent interspecific and inter-varietal hybridization of this species broadened the genetic diversity and adaptability of Andean potatoes, whose subsequent breeding with the wild species S. tarijense gave rise to the Chilean cultivars. In the sixteenth century, potato migrated to Europe and then spread worldwide. Presently, cultivated potatoes are collectively designated under the name S. tuberosum.

Palabras clave : plant domestication; plant breeding; Solanaceae; Solanum sp.

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