Resumen

CASSIANI MIRANDA, Carlos Arturo  y  BORRERO VARONA, Mayra Tatiana. Experimental brain ischemia and its applications on neuroscience research. Salud, Barranquilla [online]. 2013, vol.29, n.3, pp.430-440. ISSN 0120-5552.

The ischemic brain disease (IBD) or ischemic stroke is the third cause of death in United States and other industrialized countries, and it generates major disabilities in these patients. One of the most important consequences in the ischemic ictus is the cerebral damage, which is a consequence of a complex mixture of biochemical processes. Among them the excitoxicity mediated by glutamate. Not only has excitoxicity a central role in the IBD, but also in situations of acute trauma and in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. The focal model of obstruction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in rats by means of intraluminal suture that causes a cortical frontoparietal lesion as well as in the dorsolateral striatum allows evaluating the phenomena of cellular stress in the ischemic focus or in oligaemia areas or ischemic penumbra. The cerebral ischemia unchains a sequence of molecular phenomena that begin with the lack of energy secondary to the interruption of the processes of oxidative phosphorylation and the deficit of adenosin triphosphate (ATP) production. These processes could be responsible for several degenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, epilepsy and schizophrenia. The study of these processes could increase the understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, allowing progress in design of neuroprotective strategies, achieving to decrease the mortality and morbidity of patients with IBD.

Palabras clave : focal brain ischemia; neuroscience; neurogenesis; neurodegeneration.

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