Objectives:

Identify risk factors related to hearing loss in newborns through neonatal hearing screening in the Department of Atlantic in the period 2019-2020.

Materials and methods:

Observational, analytical, case-control study nested in a cohort. Newborns were cared for in 4 level III of complexity health institutions in Atlantic between 2019 and 2020. 32 cases were included corresponding to records according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, suggestive of hearing impairment through the otoacoustic emissions test and 28 controls selected from the same source population, where the cases originated in the same period. Exclusion criteria were applied. The qualitative variables were presented in frequency tables and the statistical analysis was carried out in the STAT-GRAPHICS version 16 program. To establish the difference between the 2 groups, the (X2) test was used, calculating their respective odds ratio with a CI 95 %.

Results:

The main risk factors found in newborns with hearing impairment suggestive of hearing loss with statistical significance (p<0,05) were the stay in the Neonatal Care Unit: OR 4,2 CI95% (1,4-12,4) and use of aminoglycosides: OR 3,2 CI95 % (1,03-10,1).

Conclusions:

An association was found between the stay in the neonatal care unit and the use of aminoglycosides with hearing impairment suggestive of hearing loss. These risk factors must be taken into account to be identified in a timely manner and to carry out adequate management, such as reducing exposure time.

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