Resumen

BARBOZA-GARCIA, ADRIÁN; PEREZ-CORDERO, ALEXANDER,  y  ANAYA-CHAMORRO, LEONARDO,. Native species of Trichoderma isolated from avocado plantations with inhibitory activity against Phytophthora cinnamomi. Rev.Bio.Agro [online]. 2022, vol.20, n.2, pp.101-116.  Epub 01-Jul-2022. ISSN 1692-3561.  https://doi.org/10.18684/rbsaa.v20.n2.2022.1852.

The Montes de María subregion is one of the largest avocado producers in the Caribbean region. In recent years, avocado crops in the subregion have shown a decrease due to the disease called avocado sadness caused by the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi, which can be controlled through the main use of chemical agents, however, they cause environmental problems. For this reason, species of the genus Trichoderma have become an alternative to replace the application of chemicals in crops due to their multiple mechanisms of action such as antibiosis, mycoparasitism, competition for space and nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the inhibitory activity of native strains of Trichoderma spp. against P. cinnamomi and to molecularly identify the strains of Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma spp. was caught in avocado crops present in the municipalities of Chalan and Ovejas by means of precooked rice trap crops. Once the isolates were purified in the laboratory, the in vitro antagonism test was performed in dual culture medium PDA-V8 against P. cinnamomi. The isolates that presented inhibition against the pathogen were DNA extracted using the DNeasy Plant Mini kit® in order to amplify the tef1 gene by PCR. A total of 30 strains of Trichoderma spp. were isolated, of which 9 were inhibited by mycoparasitism. These were molecularly identified as Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride. Both species present a broad spectrum for the control of pathogens, which have been used for the management of diseases in crops of economic interest and show preliminary results of inhibitory activity against P. cinnamomi.

Palabras clave : Antibiosis; Avocado; Competition; Post-conflict; Performance; Trichoderma harzianum; Trichoderma viride; Mycoparasitism; Phytophthora cinnamomi; Montes de María.

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