Introduction:

Nausea and vomiting (N&V) are adverse effects frequently associated with the administration of chemotherapy in hematological patients. The prevention and management of these symptoms contributes to the prevention of potentially associated risks such as: dehydration, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure.

Materials and methods:

A review of the literature published between 2014 and 2020 was carried out using the databases: PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and Google Scholar. The terms used in the search engine were: Nausea and vomiting, chemotherapy and hematology; the articles selected in the final stage required the approval of at least 80% of the panel of authors.

Results:

From a total of 100 articles reviewed, 30 were chosen for the preparation of the review. In the edition of the trial, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved were explained and subsequently the main schemes for the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced N&V were detailed based on the available evidence.

Conclusion:

The knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of N&V, as well as the risk of presentation associated with certain cytostatic drugs constitute pillars for the development of adequate prevention and management strategies.

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