Resumo

MONTOYA RESTREPO, Iván A  e  DAVILA DAVILA, Celia. The kibbutz since the pre-state period (1945-1948) to the end of the 20th century. Innovar [online]. 2006, vol.16, n.28, pp.129-156. ISSN 0121-5051.

This article deals with the history of the kibbutz since the pre-state period (the time immediately before the state of Israel was created) up to the final decades of the 20th century. It relates aspects in which the kibbutz placed a very important role, such as the economy, settlement, industrialisation, demographic and social development and intervention in politics and the defence of Israel. This type of organisation has evolved within the framework of the Arab-Israeli conflict, a situation suffered by both nations for generations during the period being referred to. Problems facing the kibbutz movement which almost finished with its existence are also considered, such as the economic crises, the incorporation of new members and immigrants, abandoning some aspects of kibbutz life. Together with industrial and agricultural growth, the foregoing has led to contracted labour having had to be used. The ideological and structural changes originating from the kibbutz are presented. Literary sources associated with a vision of an Israeli world have been used for identifying new alternatives and strategies for adapting to such type of organisation.

Palavras-chave : Israel; organisational forms; settlement; social institutions.

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