Introduction:

Child development is influenced by both endogenous factors and exogenous factors such as socio-economic status, which may affect health and life chances in adulthood.

Objectives:

To recognize and analyze the influence of socioeconomic conditions on child development.

Materials and methods:

A literature review was performed in 10 databases by searching for articles published between 2012 and 2017. Articles were selected based on keywords and the relationship between child development and socioeconomic status.

Results:

10 articles were selected. The variables most used to assess socioeconomic status were family income and educational attainment of the parents, and to assess child development, areas of cognition, and fine and gross motor skills. A significant correlation was found between child development and socioeconomic status, educational attainment, occupation of the parents, marital status of the mother and housing conditions, which imply a disadvantage and the probability of child development disorders.

Conclusions:

Child development is influenced by socioeconomic conditions determined by historical-cultural aspects, approached mostly from a functionalist sociology perspective as isolated factors. A comprehensive and unifying methodological approach is proposed, giving rise to historicity as a nodal element.

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