Purpose/Context.

This article explores the bioethical principles of autonomy and justice in the light of three cases of use of biodiversity, both for research purposes and for commercial use, involving collective territories of indigenous communities, afro-descendants, and proper-ties of the peasant population.

Methods/Approach.

In each case, we examined the characteristics, agents, relationships be-tween agents, and benefits contemplated for the parties. The study included document compilation and analysis and ten semi-structured interviews with researchers, representatives of indigenous and Afro-Colombian institutions, companies, and organizations. The research was carried out between 2015 and 2017 and involved Amazon, Risaralda, Chocó, and Antioquia communities.

Results/Findings.

Research institutions and researchers process and obtain regulatory authorizations, while State entities report a progressive omission of responsibilities that adversely affects communities' rights, for example, through non-observance of the right to prior con-sultation. Besides, in the study cases, the agents' relationships with the INAPRRCL (acronym in Spanish for indigenous, black people, Afro-descendants, palenqueros, raizales, Rrom, peasants, and locals) vary regarding the application of bioethical principles.

Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions.

Because the legal system has a limited scope on the use of biodiversity in research or technological innovation, we assessed and discussed whether bioethics could serve as a guide for respecting communities' autonomy and benefit share in research and bioprospecting projects.

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