Resumo

GARCIA DEL RISCO, Fernando  e  ARRIETA LOPEZ, Elizabeth. Diagnostic Performance of, and findings from, Capsule Endoscopy for patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Obscure Origins at the Clínica Universitaria San Juan de Dios in Cartagena, Colombia. Rev Col Gastroenterol [online]. 2014, vol.29, n.2, pp.101-111. ISSN 0120-9957.

Introduction: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is currently the study of choice for the exploration of Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) after obtaining negative results from esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and ileocolonoscopy. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and findings from capsule endoscopy studies of the small intestines of 50 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin in our institution. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and observational study of a cohort of patients seen for OGIB at the Clínica Universitaria San Juan de Dios in Cartagena from January 1, 2010 to April 31, 2013. Diagnostic yields from CE were categorized as highly significant lesions (P2), insignificant lesions (P1), and normal (P0). STATA 11.0 software was used to analyze results. Results: Fifty patients suspected of having OGIB were included: 34 (68%) obvious cases and 16 (32%) cases of occult OGIB. Thirty-one (62%) of the patients were women 62%, and the mean patient age was 60.14 ± 20.02 years with an age range of 20 to 87 years. CE was performed on an outpatient basis in 26 cases (52 %) and in-hospital in 24 cases (48%). The diagnostic yield of CE for diagnosing OGIB (P2 lesions) was 58 % (29/50). It was 61.74 % (21/34) for obvious OGIB and 50 % (8/16) for occult OGIB. The preparation was suitable in 92% of the patients. Complete examination of the small intestine was achieved in 96% of the cases. Two patients retained the capsules. 51.9 % of the P2 lesions found were vascular, 20.6 % were tumors, 13.7 % were parasitic, and ulcerative lesions and inflammatory diverticula accounted for 6.9 % of the lesions each. P2 lesions which were responsible for  OGIB, but which were outside of the ranges of EGDs and colonoscopy, were found in 24.13 % (7/29) of the patients. One was in a patient’s esophagus, two were in patients’ stomachs, one in a patient’s duodenum, and three patients had them in their right colons. Conclusion: The diagnostic yield of CE in our series was 58%. Vascular lesions (angiodysplasia) were the leading cause of bleeding which is a result that is comparable to other publications internationally and in Colombia. One striking result of our study was that the second causes of OGIB were tumors and parasitic infestations in the population studied.

Palavras-chave : Capsule endoscopy; melena; hematochezia; anemia; gastrointestinal bleeding.

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