Objectives:

The aim of this study was to prepare an updated list of drugs that cause hepatotoxicity and identify drugs most likely to cause hepatotoxicity according to scientific evidence.

Method:

A search of PubMed/Medline was conducted using the MeSH terms: “Liver disease” and “Drug-induced Liver Injury”. The search was filtered by case reports, reviews, clinical trials, metaanalyses and letters until December 2015. The search was limited to articles in English, Spanish and French. Articles with evidence of hepatotoxicity caused by medications and relevant references were included. Articles not related to the objectives of the search were excluded. These include articles related to hepatotoxicity due to other agents, articles about other causes of liver disease and/or articles related to predictive tests or stem cells. Some aspects of hepatotoxic drugs were appearance of hepatotoxicity, type of injury, mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, risk factors and clinical manifestations. Three categories, definite, probable and possible, were established to assess probability of hepatotoxicity and type of lesion.

Results:

Six hundred ten articles were identified, 402 articles were chosen, and 208 articles were excluded. A list was prepared with 181 drugs and 17 combined pharmaceutical forms or therapeutic regimens likely to cause hepatotoxicity. Of these, methotrexate, minocycline, vancomycin, everolimus, isoniazid, and tamoxifen were categorized as definite probabilities.

Conclusions:

More than 180 hepatotoxic drugs were identified, six were categorized as definite probabilities, and most were categorized as possibilities. The consolidation of information shows that diverse categories of drugs are likely to cause liver toxicity.

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