Resumo

GOMEZ, Carlos. FROM THE CRITIQUE OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSCIENCE TO THE CLAIM OF THE MORAL CONSCIENCE. Eidos [online]. 2009, n.10, pp.10-50. ISSN 1692-8857.

The "philosophy of conscience" is the fundamental paradigm of modern philosophy from Descartes to Kant. Such paradigm has been the object of continuous criticism starting with the so call "philosophy of suspicion" and latter on by the "linguistic turn", which in this article is considered from the perspective of the discursive ethics of Habermas. Although these criticisms force us to abandon the primacy and the monologism of the "philosophy of conscience", we should not forget the value of the moral conscience itself in spite of all its resituations. This is what I try to claim in this work, following the arguments of Wellmer, Muguerza, Bilbeny or Renaut, among other critics, revisiting, from this perspective, the confrontation between Kant and Hegel, which has been brought up again by the liberal/communitarian debate, leading finally my discusion to the relation between individualism and cosmopolitanism.

Palavras-chave : Philosophy of suspicion; linguistic turn and discursive ethic; resituation and value of the (moral) conscience; Hegel versus Kant; communitarism and liberalism; individualism and cosmopolitanism.

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