Introduction:

The incidence of ADHD in patients with NF1 reaches 60%. Beyond the published literature on cognitive aspects in subjects with NF1, some studies suggest that the attentional profile of patients with NF1+ADHD is different from those with isolated ADHD. Methods: A retrospective, analytical case-control study with the objective of comparing the intellectual and attentional profile in children with NF1+ADHD, NF1 and isolated ADHD in order to characterise them, noting similarities and differences.

Results:

Neuropsychological evaluations from 2017 to 2021 were reviewed for all subjects with a diagnosis of NF1 (n = 46) with IQ>70 and ADHD (n= 180). In the ANOVA test, it was observed that patients with NF1+ADHD presented with greater visuospatial impairment (M = 84.66; F(2,210) = 7.84; P< 0,001; η2 = 0.07) and a lower total intellectual level (M = 84.20; F(2,223) =4,35; P = 0.01; η2 =0.04). In the attentional tests they showed more errors of omission (M = 72.66; F(2,223) = 18.13; P< .001; η2 = 0.14) and of commission (M = 57,87; F(2,223) = 4.68; P = 0,01; η2 = 0.04) and lower reaction speed (M = 66.58; F(2,223) = 19.24; P< 0.001; η2 = 0.15) compared to patients with NF1 and isolated ADHD.

Conclusions:

Attention deficit in patients with NF1 is associated with lower performance in intellectual functioning and greater visuospatial impairment. The attentional pattern of patients with NF1+ADHD was different from those with isolated ADHD; the difference being not only quantitative but also qualitative, supporting the hypothesis that attention impairment has its own features of NF1 and independent of ADHD.

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