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Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
versión impresa ISSN 0120-0011
Resumen
ESPANA-DORADO, Socorro Andrea et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes and identification of associated factors and maternal-perinatal outcomes in Colombia following the implementation of the IADPSG criteria. rev.fac.med. [online]. 2021, vol.69, n.2, e200. Epub 13-Jul-2021. ISSN 0120-0011. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v69n2.80195.
Introduction:
Timely diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes (GD), as well as adequate control of associated risk factors, allows reducing its negative impact on maternal and perinatal health.
Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of GD in a tertiary care hospital in Colombia and identify the risk factors associated with this condition, as well as the maternal-perinatal outcomes in this population, following the implementation of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria.
Materials and methods:
Cross-sectional study in which a secondary data analysis was carried out. By means of consecutive sampling, 533 pregnant women with GD who gave birth at the Hospital Universitario San José in Popayán, Colombia, between July 2017 and March 2018, were included. Social, biological, and psychological variables were analyzed. To identify risk factors and associated maternal-perinatal outcomes, the Odds Ratio was used as a measure of association (CI:95%). In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed to control for confounding factors.
Results:
The prevalence of GD was 16.32% (95%CI:13.28-19.73). The following risk factors associated with GD were identified: age >35 (OR=2.26; 95%CI:1.23-4.14), indigenous race (OR=6.60; 95%CI:1.17-37.15), BMI >25 (OR=2. 26; 95%CI:1.23-4.14), history of fetal macrosomia (OR=10.07; 95%CI: 1.50-67.34), and family history of diabetes mellitus (OR=3.17; 95%CI:1.39-7.22). Regarding maternal-perinatal outcomes, a significant association was found with labor induction (OR=4.41; 95%CI:1.71-11.39), emergency cesarean section (OR=2.22; 95%CI:1.33-3.73), elective cesarean section (OR=2.79; 95%CI:1.51-5.18), fetal weight >90th percentile (OR=2.78; 95%CI:1.29-5.98), and neonatal hospitalization (OR=8.1; 95%CI:4.48-18.62).
Conclusions:
The prevalence of GD reported here is higher than the prevalence described in other studies conducted in Colombia, but similar to most studies that have followed the IADPSG criteria. Likewise, risk factors and maternal-perinatal outcomes that had a statistically significant association with GD here are similar to those described in most of the studies that were consulted.
Palabras clave : Gestational Diabetes; Prevalence; Risk; Maternal Health (MeSH).
