Introduction:

Tropical Andean and Amazonian ecosystems shape the great biodiversity found in Peru. However, studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the country are scarce, resulting in an information gap regarding their diversity, ecology, distribution, and abundance.

Objective:

To search for documented evidence on the diversity and distribution of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Peru, and to establish -in relation to species of medical relevance- their potential link with the epidemiological cycle of some metaxenic diseases.

Materials and methods:

A literature review was conducted in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SciELO, as well as in 7 databases specialized in insect taxonomy, using specific terms and their combinations by means of Boolean operators ("AND" and "OR"). Search strategy: study types: original research articles, review articles, books, and book chapters; publication period: no initial date - June 2020; languages: English, Spanish, and Portuguese.

Results:

A total of 99 studies were retrieved after the initial search, 84 in the 4 electronic databases and 15 in the specialized databases, of which 41 met the inclusion criteria. One additional record was included due to its relevance to the objective of the review. The studies included were original articles (n=28), review articles (n=6), books (n=5), book chapters (n=2), and undergraduate theses (n=1). Regarding the language of publication, 25 (59.52%) were published in English and 17 (40.48%) in Spanish.

Conclusions:

In Peru, the greatest diversity of mosquito genera is found in the departments of Loreto, Huánuco, and Madre de Dios. Knowledge of the diversity of mosquitoes in Peru that have the potential to cause health issues is relatively scarce and is focused on Aedes aegypti and some species of the Anopheles and Culex genera, thus overlooking a rich diversity distributed in the Amazonian forests, high jungle, and inter-Andean valleys.

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