Resumo

LOZANO A, María C  e  DIAZ G, Gonzalo J. Macrocyclic trichothecenes: unrecognized toxins in Colombia at the moment. Rev Colom Cienc Pecua [online]. 2006, vol.19, n.1, pp.49-60. ISSN 0120-0690.

Trichothecenes are mycotoxins that alter animal production. The most known trichothecenes are T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diascetoxiscirpenol and deoxinivalenol, all these belonging to simple trihothecenes. However there are others more toxic trichothecenes that have not been characterized in Colombia, they are the macrocyclics. The most studied macrocyclic trichothecenes are roridines, verrucarines, satratroxines and baccarines. On nature these substances could be present like both, mycotoxins (mainly produced by Stachybotrys atra (=chartarum) and Myrothecium sp) or phytotoxins present on Baccharis sp. The main action of these toxins is protein synthesis disruption. They alter cells with a high rate of division like epithelial ones. Therefore among clinical manifestations is skin and mucous membranes irritation. Others toxic effects produced by macrocyclic trichothecenes are enzymatic systems inhibition and immunotoxicity. S. atra is a cellulolytic fungus that can contaminate either straw for animals bedding or fed rich in cellulose. This contaminated material produces stachybotrytoxicosis that have been described on equines, bovines, ovines and porcines from East Europe. Besides, S. atra is commonly found in rich cellulose material present in water damaged buildings whose habitants could inhale fungus spores with macrocyclic trichothecenes and develop lung hemorrhages. On Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentine herbivores that consume Baccharis sp present gastrointestinal hemorrhages, hematopoietic organs alteration and lost of hair. Although in Colombia presence of macrocyclic trichothecenes have not been demonstrated, it is necessary to recognize their main sources and toxic effects in order to characterize its possible presence in this country.

Palavras-chave : baccarines; Baccharis sp; stachybotrytoxicosis; roridines; Stachybotris atra; verrucarines.

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