Resumo

MONTANA MESTIZO, Enver Vladimir. Ethiopian blacks, American blacks, wild blacks. Ideas of "freedom" and representation of "blacks". Rev. colomb. soc. [online]. 2021, vol.44, n.2, pp.143-167.  Epub 06-Abr-2022. ISSN 0120-159X.  https://doi.org/10.15446/rcs.v44n2.87904.

The article seeks to demonstrate that the changing and diverse ideas of "freedom" allow us to see and contrast the historical change in the social representation of (referred as) "black" people. First, we start with the analysis of the differentiation that existed in the 15th and 16th centuries between the black and Ethiopian voices that were not synonymous, and whose differentiation and historical change invites us to look more carefully at the social images of the Spanish Golden Age, and establish contrasts with the American Baroque. Then we analyze the enlightened and romantic representations constructed throughout the 18th century, that injected the factor of "passions" and the absence / presence of "spirit" into the ideas of humanization / dehumanization of "blacks"; the existence of people with overflowing passions and spiritual poverty would lead to the emergence of new legitimizing factors to exercise government, control, and enslavement. Next, it will be suggested that the development of natural history, zoology, anatomy, and human and animal physiology converged with the postcolonial transition, leading to the construction of an image of the "black" increasingly related to the manumission, but also with the representation of a neo-savage black, and with the role that this same outburst would have in the colonial wars in America and in the liberation of the new nations. The political liberation is inseparable from corporal, spiritual, and passionate liberation, and in this way the autonomous government of the body and the spirit would affect the construction of a national project that tended to see an exuberant, animalistic and neo-savage (black) body. Through this long-term historical panorama, we want to demonstrate that the image of "the black" has been a stage of "struggles of representation" where new meanings, uses, and functions of "the black" were constantly released and captivated, and that at the same time they were (are they?) generating new ideas on how to liberate and captivate that Other -said- black whose freedom has been (from various, diverse, hegemonic, and contradictory points of view) historically questioned.

Descriptors: afro-americans, afro-descendants, cultural history social representations.

Palavras-chave : black; debauchery; ethiopian; freedom; representation; representation struggles; wild.

        · resumo em Português | Espanhol     · texto em Espanhol     · Espanhol ( pdf )