Resumo

RIASCOS-ORTIZ, Donald et al. Recognition of potential beneficial fungi associated with rhizosphere of chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) in the Pacific, Cauca Valley, Colombia. Acta Agron. [online]. 2011, vol.60, n.4, pp.319-327. ISSN 0120-2812.

The peach palm or chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) is the principal crop of the rainforest agroecosytems of the Colombian Pacific coast. This region is poorly referenced in the scientific literature despite its high biodiversity and agroecological importance. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify up to the level of genus, fungi from the rhizosphere of B. gasipaes in two areas with different crop management, Citronela and Sabanetas, both in Valle del Cauca state. Roots and rhizospherical soil were sampled at three times of varying rainfall from 2006 to 2007. It is hypothesized that the size and diversity of the population of fungi are negatively influenced by rainfall, as this is the dominant climatic variable in the study region. Results showed that in Citronela populations of fungi were stable during the first two sampling, independent of rainfall between the sampling dates. In Sabaletas rainfall was higher than in Citronela, which was associated with anaerobic conditions in the rhizosphere that limited fungal growth. The third sampling had higher fungal populations and diversity of fungal genera at both sites, coinciding with the period of high rainfall and palm fruit production, conditions which favor the liberation of exudates from the roots. These factors could have favored secretion of root exudates which in turn could favor the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere. The genera of fungi isolated were: Trichoderma in both sites, Fusarium and Rhizopus in Citronela only, and Penicillium y Thielaviopsis in Sabaletas only. These fungi could be beneficial and useful in programs of integrated pest management for palm peach production. The results could thus serve as a base for future studies in the Pacific region.

Palavras-chave : Buenaventura; Fusarium; humid tropics; pejibaye; Penicillium; Rhizopus; soil fungi; Thielaviopsis; Trichoderma.

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