Resumo

CARO-MELGAREJO, Diana Patricia; ESTUPINAN-RINCON, Sandra Yaneth; RACHE-CARDENAL, Leidy Yanira  e  PACHECO-MALDONADO, José Constantino. Effect of gamma rays on vegetative buds of Physalis peruviana L.. Acta Agron. [online]. 2012, vol.61, n.4, pp.305-314. ISSN 0120-2812.

In Colombia, studies carried out to establish modern methods for propagation and selection of plant of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) are scarce so, it is necessary to explore alternative techniques such as the application of ionizing radiation, which enables greater genetic variability and to obtain seedlings with phenotypic characteristics that could be beneficial to contribute to improve productivity. To induce chromosomal alterations, axillary buds of P. peruviana with 50, 100, 200 and 300 Gy of gamma radiation were irradiated and were cultured in MS medium supplemented with BA 0.1 mg·L^-1 plus IBA 0.05 mg·L^-1. The experiment was conducted using a complete random design, five tests each with thirty experimental units were carried out. After nine subcultures (9 multiplication cycles, 30 days each), regenerated shoots of irradiated buds presented smaller viability than the regenerated non irradiated buds. The regenerated plantlets buds irradiated with 100 Gy had higher rooting percentage, shoot length and number of leaves; the dose of 300 Gy inhibited the development of shoots and roots, although the explants remained viable. In cells taken from radical tips of regenerated plantlets of irradiated buds were observed bridges in anaphase and telophase, laggards and isolated chromosomes, being higher the frequency of laggard chromosomes. The higher percentage of cells with chromosomal alterations was quantified in radical tips of regenerated plantlets of buds irradiated with 200 Gy. In greenhouse, 86-93.8% of regenerated plantlets of irradiated or not buds were viable.

Palavras-chave : Cape gooseberry; chromosomal alterations; gamma radiation; in vitro culture; ionizing radiation; Physalis; plantlets.

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