Resumo

OCAMPO, John; URREA, Ramiro; WYCKHUYS, Kris  e  SALAZAR, Mauricio. Exploration of the genetic variability of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) as basis for a breeding program in Colombia. Acta Agron. [online]. 2013, vol.62, n.4, pp.352-360. ISSN 0120-2812.

Yellow passion fruit is one of the main fruit of the Neotropic and in Colombia there are about 6.000 ha with a 90.000 t/year production. Despite this potential, crops are affected by serious phytosanitary problems, genetic degeneration and lack of breeding in those species that have allowed a reduction of their crop cycle. The objective of this research was to determine the genetic variability degree yellow passion fruit cultivated in Colombia as the basis for a breeding program. The collections were made in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Huila, Tolima and Valle del Cauca through farmer's participatory mass selection. Ten fruits per crop were selected randomly (extra quality) of the most outstanding material (productivity and health) and the incidence of insect pests and diseases recorded. Fruits were characterized with 11 physicochemical variables and analyzed using the variance decomposition (univariate) and classification analysis (Neighbour joining). Results identified that Trips (Neohydatothrips spp.) and Virosis (SMV) are the plague and disease with greater affectation in the crops visited. The results of the fruit analysis showed a total average variability percentage (CV) of 14.31%, highlighting the weight of the fruit peel (20.53%) and the average seed weight (20.47%). Regarding quality parameters (°Brix and % pulp+seeds) eight élite accessions from Caldas, Valle de Cauca and Antioquia were identified. The classification analysis showed high variability with little structuring by geographic origin. These results will begin a breeding process from superior genotypes from the identified élite accessions.

Palavras-chave : Fruit; genetic resources; mass selection; neotropic; Passiflora.

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