Resumen

MORALES-VALLECILLA, F.  y  ORTIZ-GRISALES, S.. Productivity and efficiency of specialized dairy farms in the Valley of Cauca (Colombia). Rev. Med. Vet. Zoot. [online]. 2018, vol.65, n.3, pp.252-268. ISSN 0120-2952.  https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v65n3.76463.

The study characterizes productivity and efficiency of 52 specialized dairies in Valle del Cauca (Colombia). It was found that, on average, the farms were 41.3 hectares and 133 animals respectively. The reproductive status was: open days (97-225), services by conception (1.4- 5.4), in interval between births in days (IPP) (382-520). The basic pastures were Stargrass C. plestostachyus and Guinea P. maximun, with yields per year of 18.6 DM.Ton.ha-1 year and dry matter intake (DMI) of cow pasture of 9.44 kg and total of 12.2 kg including supplements. A linear relationship was determined: Y = Milk yield (kg.day) = 5.6639 + 0.5513 X, R2 = 0.77, where with only grazing, cows produce 5.66 l.cow-1day and each kg of additional supplements increases by 0.5513 l.cow-1 day. The productive cows were 84.8 farm-1 cows with 11.9 l.cow-1day. The animal load per farm was 3.2 large livestock units (LLU)) per ha with a productivity of 7965 liters.ha-1year; where for each LLU that enters the system, is improved by 2816 l.Ha-1year. Of the 34 variables analyzed, those that determined the productivity of the dairies were: total litters per lactation (33.3%), milking cows (17.7%), Ha productive (11.0%), liters per Ha year (7.8%), supplements (5.3%) and pasture production DM kg.Ha-1 (4.5%). Four grazing-based production systems were identified that depend critically on concentrated supplements with severe asymmetries in racial components that negatively affect productivity.

Palabras clave : dairy cattle; dairies; grazing; efficiency; supplements; productivity.

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