Abstract

GOMEZ SEGURA, Camilo Fabiam; CERQUERA LOSADA, Óscar Hernán  and  ACERO CEBAY, Edwin Fernando. The Environmental Kuznets Curve and Sustainable Economic Growth in Colombia. Apuntes del Cenes [online]. 2021, vol.40, n.71, pp.165-188.  Epub Oct 03, 2021. ISSN 0120-3053.  https://doi.org/10.19053/01203053.v40.n71.2021.11387.

This paper seeks to empirically test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (NO) during the period 1990-2012 for 217 economies, using the World Bank database. A panel data model was carried out under three alternatives (fixed effects, random effects and first differences). The results obtained show that there is an inverted U relationship between environmental pollution (CO2 and NO) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita as a measure of economic growth, with the fixed effects method generating consistent estimates when applying the Hausman test. However, the relationship between pollution and economic growth presents too low decreasing returns, which generates high turning points, mainly in emissions fromCO2.

Keywords : Environmental Kuznets Curve; environmental pollution; economic growth; economic development; technological change; data panel.

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