Introduction:

Anesthesiology requires procedure fulfillment, problem, and real-time crisis resolution, problem, and complications forecast, among others; therefore, the evaluation of its learning should center around how students achieve competence rather than solely focusing on knowledge acquisition. Literature shows that despite the existence of numerous evaluation strategies, these are still underrated in most cases due to unawareness.

Objective:

The present article aims to explain the process of competency-based anesthesiology assessment, in addition to suggesting a brief description of the learning domains evaluated, theories of knowledge, instruments, and assessment systems in the area; and finally, to show some of the most relevant results regarding assessment systems in Colombia.

Methodology:

The results obtained in "Characteristics of the evaluation systems used by anesthesiology residency programs in Colombia" showed a certain degree of unawareness by stakeholders in the educational process, a fact that motivated the publishing of this discussion around the topic of competency-based assessment in anesthesiology. Following a bibliography search with the keywords through PubMed, OVID, ERIC, DIALNET, and REDALYC, 110 articles were reviewed and 75 were established as relevant for the research's theoretical framework.

Results and conclusion:

Anesthesiology assessment should be conceived from the competency's multidimensionality; it must be longitudinal and focused on the learning objectives.

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