Abstract

HERRERA, Luis Carlos; CORDOBA, Paul; TORRES-LISTA, Virginia  and  MONTENEGRO, Markelda. Socioeconomic marginalization of Panama 1990-2010: Establishing a baseline. Desarro. soc. [online]. 2019, n.83, pp.307-351. ISSN 0120-3584.  https://doi.org/10.13043/dys.83.8.

The purpose of this article is to measure socioeconomic marginalization and study its behavior based on Panama's Population and Housing Census of 1990, 2000, and 2010. For this purpose, the methodology used was that which was proposed by the National Council of Population and Housing of Mexico (Conapo), which establishes an index based on three dimensions (education, income, and housing) and eight indicators (illiteracy, population without complete primary education, housing without drinking water, housing without sanitary service, housing with a dirt floor, housing without electricity, overcrowded housing, employed popu­lation that receives ≤ a minimum salary and a half). From the results obtained, it is concluded that Panama is managing to reduce the socioeconomic margin­alization index from 35.61 in 1990 to 31.27 in 2000 and in 2010, 25.98. How­ever, this decrease is not consistent with the proportional increase in GDP and the General State Budget.

Keywords : Social inequality; poverty; social exclusion; social wel­fare; Panama.

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