Introduction:

Knowledge translation and knowledge appropriation social interventions apply knowledge to improve health services and outcomes. These interventions can be implemented routinely to improve patient adherence to clinical practice guidelines.

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of knowledge translationinterventions to improve patient and community adherence to clinical practice guidelines.

Materials and methods:

We performed a systematic review of these interventions compared with classical interventions for patients and/or communities. We searched the following electronic databases up to April 2017: Medline (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, Central (Ovid), Web of Science, LILACS, Academic Search, and Scielo. Two independent raters qualified the relevance, risk of bias, and quality of included studies.

Results:

Eight studies were included. Patientadherencetorecommendationswasobserved in twostudies. Therewashighheterogeneityduetothevariability of thepopulation, types of guidelines, and types of measurementtools. Therisk of biaswashigh: a 60% risk of performance bias, 50% risk of attrition bias, 25% risk of selection and reporting bias, and 15% risk of detection bias. The quality of evidence was moderate for the outcomes of adherence and mortality. The interventions that used a combination of strategies, such as with the group of health professionals, could improve some clinical outcomes in the patients (Averagedeviation: -3.00; 95% IC: -6.08-0.08).

Conclusions:

Knowledge translation interventions might have a slight positive effect on patient adherence and some short-term clinical outcomes, particularly within mixed interventions (patients and health professionals). However, future studies with less heterogeneity are necessary to confirm these results.

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