Resumo

DIAZ, Jorge-Aurelio  e  FERNANDEZ-MORA, Mario-David. Democracy and freedom according to B. Spinoza. Prax. filos. [online]. 2020, n.50, suppl.1, pp.11-24. ISSN 0120-4688.  https://doi.org/10.25100/pfilosofica.v0i50.8902.

The negation of free will implies that a human being is by nature not free, unless he or she can become so by rightly using his or her intellect. If so, freedom would be a privilege reserved only for the “wise men”. Consequently, when Spinoza identifies democracy as the form of government that best defends human freedom, learned men become its sole beneficiaries. Therefore, the “common herd” is not protected because only fear or hope nudges the ordinary populace to follow the commands of reason, rather than rational thought. Could this undesirable consequence be what hindered Spinoza in the completion of his Political Treatise, just as he was prepared to study the nature of democracy?

Palavras-chave : Politic; Democracy; Freedom; Free Will, Human nature.

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