Resumo

PATINO, Manuel; NIETO-RAMIREZ, Ivonne Jeannette; CHEGWIN-ANGARITA, Carolina  e  TORRES-ROJAS, Esperanza. In vitro biocontrol activity of macrofungi against different plant pathogenic fungi. Acta biol.Colomb. [online]. 2020, vol.25, n.2, pp.265-279. ISSN 0120-548X.  https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n2.75303.

Fungal diseases in plants are a significant concern in agricultural production. Macrofungi are a potential source of antifungal compounds that could be used to control these diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro biocontrol activity of four macrofungi of the genus Xylaria, Agrocybe, Psilocybe and Stereum on different plant pathogenic fungi. For this purpose, the growth curve of macrofungi was determined on two carbon sources: potato dextrose and wheat bran. Interactions and the in vitro inhibition on phytopathogenic fungi were also characterized. Subsequently, extraction and characterization of secondary metabolites of the intracellular, extracellular and filtrate of homogenized of mycelia and broth culture were performed only on the fungi that showed higher inhibition percentage. Finally, the in vitro antifungal activity of these extracts was evaluated. Growth curves changes with the carbon source and three of four isolates show more considerable accumulation of biomass in potato dextrose than wheat bran, reaching the stationary growth phase in a long time. Xylaria interactions were classified mostly as a replacement, obtaining the highest level of antagonism on potato dextrose. Two of the three extracts assessed showed antifungal activity in all three pathogens isolated at concentrations of 18 µg/ml for biomass methanol extracts and 2.5 % for filtrate of homogenized of mycelia with inhibitions from 10 to 80 %. Characterization of the metabolites of Xylaria showed fatty acids as possible compounds responsible for the antifungal activity. This work showed the potential of these fungi for the control of fungal diseases.

Palavras-chave : Antagonism; dual culture; growth kinetics; parasitism; secondary metabolites.

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