Abstract

MUNOZ MUNOZ, Fabian Leonardo  and  ARANGO ALZATE, Catalina. Childhood obesity: a new approach to its study. Salud, Barranquilla [online]. 2017, vol.33, n.3, pp.492-503. ISSN 0120-5552.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked childhood obesity as the greatest public health crisis in the world. In its 2014 report, it indicates that 42 million children under 5 are overweight, of whom 35 million live in developing countries. Childhood obesity is a disease, which has its origin in a complex causal chain of multifactorial etiology, where individual and contextual factors interact where the child is immersed. They exert influence on their behavior in different environments and at different levels of hierarchy. This review presents an overview of some studies and efforts carried out to characterize, prevent, and control the obesity epidemic in this stage of the life cycle.

Likewise, it proposes, an approach to the study of obesity, called 'complex systems approach', which allows to analyze how individual and contextualfactors relate and how this interaction generates new properties that cannot be explained by the standard procedures that classical statistics offer. This will require work in interdisciplinary team, with a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, pediatricians, nutritionists, epidemiologists, public health specialists, statisticians, engineers, and others who contribute their knowledge and skills to enable understanding obesity as a dynamic phenomenon, which needs to be approached by an integrative approach that transcends the reductionist view of the risk factors of the health disease process. Only then will it be possible to improve the capacity to understand health from a classical perspective to a truly dynamic system.

Keywords : Childhood obesity; ecosocial model; social factors; approach Systems; complex systems; chronic disease; schoolchildren.

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