Objective:

To determine the impact on bacterial resistance of the previous review of the prescription of antibiotics by the pharmaceutical service in medium and high complexity hospitals of the Department of Atlántico (Colombia).

Methodology:

Resistance values were analyzed for Gram-positive bacteria, Enterobacte-rial and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria reported in five health care institutions (IPS) of the Atlántico Department, in two periods (pre-intervention and intervention), of 12 months each between the months of June 2015 and May 2017.

Results:

During the two study periods, 68 microorganisms were identified in 8,590 microbiological isolates from urine samples (40.3 %), blood samples (21.7 %), tissues (8.5%) and others (29.5 %). The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli (28.9 %), Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (12.1 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.0 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.1 %) and S. aureus (7.2 %). During both periods the global resistance ranged between 27 and 40 %. During the Pre-intervention the resistance ranged between 33 and 39 %, while during the Intervention it was between 27 and 40 %. When comparing study periods, there was only significant decrease in resistance in the first nine months of the intervention period (p <0.05).

Conclusions:

the bacterial resistance values reported during the intervention period were lower than in the pre-intervention period. It was evidenced that the previous revision of the prescription by the pharmaceutical service in the participating institutions influences a significant decrease of the bacterial resistance; but that this must be both continuous and incremental.

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