Introduction:

The Salmonella genus is composed of food pathogens that cause salmonellosis, a disease of cosmopolitan distribution that affects all population groups, both in developed and developing countries, being a public health problem. In this regard, molecular biomarkers become a useful tool for its diagnosis and monitoring.

Objective:

Describe which are the molecular markers of the Salmonella genus and their determination through different molecular techniques currently used.

Methodology:

A bibliographic search was performed in databases such as Pubmed, Science direct, Elsevier, NCBI, Proquest and Ovid, using 5 keywords, which were combined in different ways to finally obtain 50 bibliographic references from the year 2005 to currently, selecting articles in English and Spanish.

Results:

A great variety of biomarkers of the Salmonella genus are evident, which are detected by molecular tests such as the PCR technique, this allows the direct detection of the genes that encode the somatic O and flagellar H antigens of Salmonella and quickly allows the determination of the possible serovars involved in food-borne diseases, in a fast and precise way, in addition to highlighting the advantages of the described molecular methods compared to serotyping in terms of cost-benefit, optimal standardization, high sensitivity, specificity and speed in the results.

Conclusions:

Molecular biomarkers are considered a reference tool for the identification of Salmonella serovars and their serotyping, through molecular techniques such as PCR, with a high level of specificity and sensitivity in the results, which are of epidemiological importance.

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