Resumen

ECHEVERRI, Darío; DELGADILLO, Alexandra  y  MONTES, Félix. Vascular morphologic and functional effect of endogenous androgens in an experimental atherosclerotic rabbits' model. Rev. Col. Cardiol. [online]. 2007, vol.14, n.5, pp.276-283. ISSN 0120-5633.

Summary: previous clinical and experimental studies suggest that androgens could have an adverse, neutral or beneficial effect on atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Methods: an experimental, randomized controlled study in 40 New Zealand white male rabbits was realized. 20 rabbits underwent orchiectomy and 20 were fed with an atherogenic diet for 20 weeks. These were distributed in four groups: 1. non-castrated under normal diet, 2. castrated under normal diet, 3. non-castrated under atherogenic diet, and 4. castrated under atherogenic diet. Total cholesterol and free testosterone were measured. After euthanasia, arterial relaxation independent of endothelium was quantified in aorta, as well as the one depending on endothelium, in vitro, and histomorphometric analysis of thoracic aorta were made in order to quantify the atherosclerotic plaque formation. Results: animals that had a normal diet (n=20) had total cholesterol of 51.1 ± 8.5 mg/dl and those with atherogenic diet, of 429.2 ± 262.0 mg/dl (p< 0.001). Testosterone levels in the non- castrated group were 2.1 ± 0.3 ng/mL and in the castrated were 0.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL (p= 0.024). In non-castrated rabbits the effect of hypercholesteremia (366 ± 226.1 mg/dL) inducing atherosclerotic plaque and functional vascular alteration was mild. On the other hand, atherogenic diet in castrated rabbits induced an increment in total cholesterol from 387.6 ± 292.7 mg/dL (p <0.001) and severe morphological changes such as plaque area 2.6 ± 2.3mm² (p <0.001), vessel plaque/area 0.25 ± 0.1 (p <0.001) and area index of plaque/area of the media 0.4 ± 0.3 (p <0.001). Endothelium independent relaxation percentage was 85.5 ± 14.3% (p = NS) and endothelium dependent relaxation was 38.5 ± 20.1% (p = 0.03). Conclusion: this study realized in rabbits demonstrates that endogenous testosterone might have a preventive effect on atherosclerosis and favor endothelium dependent vascular relaxation in the presence of severe hypercholesterolemia.

Palabras clave : androgens; atherosclerosis; cholesterol; testosterone; endothelium.

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