Infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 has consolidated as a global epidemic.

The growing use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has brought an important increase in life expectancy of HIV-positive patients, but also serious concerns about the onset of multiple comorbidities. Cardiovascular disease stands out amongst them as the third cause of mortality that is not associated to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in these patients. This article shows an updated review of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus-1, and includes the most recently identified immune markers. Given the absence of a strategy to assess the risk of cardiovascular events validated for this population group, clinical potential an research options of these biomarkers are discussed.

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