Introduction:

Dengue is the fastest spreading arbovirosis worldwide, 390 million people are infected annually. Objective: To identify the clinical manifestations and demographic characteristics associated with severe dengue in a pediatric institution in Cali, Colombia, between January 2015 and December 2016.

Methods:

Case-control study nested in a cohort.

Case:

patient over 28 days and under 18 years of age, hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with a confirmed diagnosis of dengue with warning signs or severe dengue, plus positive serology for IgM and / or NS1.

Control:

patient of equal age and confirmed diagnosis of dengue, without admission PICU.

Results:

24 cases and 176 controls were evaluated, the median age in months was 142 vs. 106 (95% CI). Of the total, 83% proceed from the urban area of Cali. 53% of the patients were male. The multivariate analysis showed that presenting pleural effusion OR 3.4 (95% CI 1.2-9.8) or cardiovascular disorders OR 4,7 (95% CI 1.7-13,1), increased the probability of admission to PICU. Three patients died, all belonged to the case group.

Conclusions:

Dengue in the pediatric population has a nonspecific clinical behavior, however, identifying pleural effusion and cardiovascular alterations can explain an admission to PICU and warn of a possible fatal outcome.

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