Abstract

CUERVO-GARCIA, Jeniffer; JARAMILLO-ARBELAEZ, Patricia E.  and  GALVEZ-CARDENAS, Kenny Mauricio. Prognostic factors affecting survival in the patient with multiple myeloma. CES Med. [online]. 2021, vol.35, n.3, pp.284-295.  Epub Mar 17, 2022. ISSN 0120-8705.  https://doi.org/10.21615/cesmedicina.6278.

Multiple myeloma is the second most frequent hematological neoplasm, characterized by the aberrant expansion of monoclonal plasma cells, in most cases with the production of an abnormal paraprotein known as monoclonal protein and/or evidence of organic damage manifested by hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia and/or bone lesions. Prognostic factors have evolved from the characterization of tumor burden using the Durie and Salmon and International Staging System, to molecular analysis and gene expression profiling due to the recognition of chromosomal and molecular aberrations, which play a role in the development of multiple myeloma and its progression. The International Staging System was revised in 2015 by adding high risk genetic abnormalities such as the presence of t(4;14), t(14;16) and del (17p) mutations along with the addition of lactic dehydrogenase. Thus, over time, important prognostic factors of this neoplasm have been identified that are associated with the host and the tumor microenvironment, in addition to clinical variables and abnormalities of the tumor cells.

Keywords : multiple myeloma; prognosis; survival; risk factors.

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