Resumen

ENCISO-MALDONADO, Guillermo et al. Soybean yield components at different densities and planting seasons in Paraguay. Agron. colomb. [online]. 2021, vol.39, n.1, pp.12-21.  Epub 09-Sep-2021. ISSN 0120-9965.  https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n1.88979.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of soybean cultivars using different population densities and planting seasons. The experiments were established using a completely randomized block design with a 14x3x2 factorial arrangement, where factor A consisted of 14 soybean cultivars, factor B were low (177,700 plants ha-1), medium (266,600 plants ha-1), and high (355,500 plants ha-1) population densities, and factor C consisted of early and late planting seasons. We evaluated the number of pods per plant (NPP), number of grains m-2 (NG), 1000-grain weight (TGW), and yield (kg ha-1). The interaction between cultivar and planting season affected the NG, TGW, and yield. Cultivars DM-6563-IPRO, TMG-7062-IPRO, 6505-B, NA-5909-RG, M-6410-IPRO, DM-6262-IPRO, SOJAPAR-R19, 6806-IPRO, 6205-B, M-5947-IPRO and SYN-1163-RR showed higher yields in the early planting season and cultivar NS-5959-IPRO in the late planting season. Cultivars 5907-IPRO and DM-5958 showed similar yields for the two planting seasons evaluated. The highest yields were obtained from a density of 266,600 plants ha-1. The cultivarxplanting season interaction affected the TGW, with the early planting season showing a greater TGW for most of the cultivars evaluated. The NPP depended on the interaction between cultivar, density, and planting season. The combination of the NG and the TGW showed a more significant influence on the generation of yield in the cultivars. This study highlights the importance of selecting genotypes according to their response to variations in planting date and plant density. This information could help Paraguayan farmers to maximize production in the same area, optimizing the available resources.

Palabras clave : Glycine max; genotype-environment interaction; plant density; planting date; soybean cultivars; yield improvement.

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